This study examines the economic and decision-making elements affecting the digitization of SMEs in Romania, emphasizing government policies, research and development (R&D) investments, digital competences, and industry-specific traits. Data were acquired via focus group interviews with entrepreneurs and managers from several industries, using a qualitative methodology. The results indicate that while digital transformation is deemed crucial for competitiveness and sustainability, SMEs encounter substantial obstacles, including regulatory impediments, restricted access to financing, and inadequate digital competencies among decision-makers. Government actions, such as subsidies, tax incentives, and financial incentives, are seen as essential for promoting digital adoption; nevertheless, respondents noted that these efforts often fail owing to excessive bureaucracy and insufficient information distribution. Furthermore, the results emphasize the significance of R&D expenditures and customized training programs in improving digital competencies. Notwithstanding the advantages noted in fields such as IT, resource limitations continue to be a significant obstacle for several SMEs. The research enhances the current literature by elucidating the relationship between external economic influences and internal decision-making mechanisms in the digitization process of SMEs. Limitations include a limited sample size and the focus group technique, indicating that future research should use quantitative and longitudinal methods to enhance the comprehension of these dynamics throughout time.