Safety monitoring of hydraulic structures is a critical task in the field of hydraulic engineering construction. This study developed a method for preprocessing and classifying monitoring data for the identification of gross errors in hydraulic structures. By utilizing linear regression and wavelet analysis techniques, it effectively differentiated various waveform characteristics in data sets, such as Sinusoidal Wave Cyclical, Triangular Wave Cyclical, Seasonal Cyclical, and Weakly Cyclical growth types. In the experiments for gross error identification, the 3σ algorithm, K-medoids algorithm, and Isolation Forest algorithm were applied to test the data. The results showed that the K-medoids algorithm excelled in processing Sinusoidal Wave Cyclical Data Sets; the 3σ algorithm adapted better to Triangular Wave Cyclical Data Sets; the Isolation Forest algorithm performed well in handling data sets with significant anomalies or atypical fluctuations and excelled in scenarios with strong seasonality and large data fluctuations; and for complex Weakly Cyclical Growth Data Sets, all three algorithms were less effective, indicating the potential need for more advanced analysis methods or a combination of multiple techniques. Testing on actual engineering data further confirmed the importance of using specific gross error identification techniques for special data types after data set pre-classification, providing a more effective technical solution for the safety monitoring of hydraulic structures.

Reservoir landslides undergo saturated–unsaturated transitions under hydrological variations. Matric suction significantly influences slip-zone soil strength. Existing studies lack analysis of suction–rate–strength coupling, while Amontons’ model fails for cohesive soils. This study investigated Huangtupo landslide slip-zone soil in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River using pressure plate and saturated salt solution methods to determine the soil–water characteristic curve. Suction-controlled ring shear tests were conducted under three matric suction levels ($\Psi$ = 0, 200, and 700 kPa) across net normal stresses (${\sigma }_{net}$ = 100–800 kPa) and shear rates ($\dot{\gamma }$ = 0.05–200 mm/min). Key findings revealed the following: (1) significant suction–rate coupling effects were shown, with 700 kPa suction yielding 30% higher residual strength than saturated conditions, validating matric suction’s role in enhancing effective stress and particle contact strength; (2) residual cohesion showed strong logarithmic correlation with shear rate, with the fastest growth below 10 mm/min, while the residual friction angle varied minimally (0.68°), contributing little to overall strength; (3) a bivariate model relating residual cohesion to $\dot{\gamma }$ and $\Psi$ was established, overcoming traditional single-factor limitations. The study demonstrates that dual-parameter Coulomb modeling effectively captures multi-field coupling mechanisms in unsaturated slip-zone soils, providing theoretical foundations for landslide deformation prediction and engineering design under dynamic hydrological conditions.

In mountainous canyon regions, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are susceptible to multireflection and tropospheric factors, which frequently reduce the accuracy in monitoring vertical deformation monitoring under short-baseline methods. This limitation hinders the application of BDS/GNSS in high-precision monitoring scenarios in those cases. To address this issue, this study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) deformation measurement method that integrates BDS/GNSS positioning with dihedral corner reflectors (CRs). By incorporating high-precision horizontal positioning results obtained from BDS/GNSS into the radar line-of-sight (LOS) correction process and utilizing ascending and descending Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for joint monitoring, the method achieves millimeter-level- accuracy in measuring vertical deformation at corner reflector sites. At the same time, it enhances the 3D positioning accuracy of BDS/GNSS to the 1 mm level under short-baseline configurations. Based on monitoring stations deployed at the Jinsha River dam site, the proposed deformation fusion monitoring method was validated using high-resolution SAR imagery from Germany’s TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite. Simulated horizontal and vertical displacements were introduced at the stations. The results demonstrate that BDS/GNSS achieves better than 1 mm horizontal monitoring accuracy and a vertical accuracy of around 5 mm. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) CRs achieve approximately 2 mm in horizontal accuracy and 1 mm in vertical accuracy. The integrated method yields a 3D deformation monitoring accuracy better than 1 mm. This paper’s results show high potential for achieving high-precision deformation observations by fusing BDS/GNSS and dihedral CRs, offering promising prospects for deformation monitoring in reservoir canyon regions.