The Faculty of Engineering of the University of Debrecen has a long-standing tradition of developing electric and pneumatic-driven prototype race cars. These vehicles are regular participants in domestic and international university competitions. For more conscious development, thus, for more successful racing, a vehicle dynamics simulation program was developed by our research group. One of the main parts of the above program is the simulation of the drive system, including the electric motor. The input data for the motor simulation programs are the electromagnetic and dynamic characteristics of the motor. Most of these characteristics are usually not specified in the motor catalogue; thus, they have to be measured. In this paper, a detailed description of a recently developed measurement system (MS), which is capable of measuring all the above-mentioned characteristics, is presented. Additionally, by applying it, test measurements can also be performed on the motors to check the accuracy of the output functions generated by the simulation programs. Several experimental arrangements and procedures for specific experimental tasks are also presented here as examples for the application of the MS.

Drinking fresh water, turning the lights on, travelling by tram, calling our family, or getting a medical treatment are usual activities, but the underlying SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems like CIS (Critical Infrastructure Systems), ICS (Industrial Control Systems) or DCS (Distributed Control Systems) were always the target of many types of attacks, endangered the above mentioned simple activities. During the last decades because of the fast spread of the internet based services and the continuous technical development these systems become more vulnerable than ever. Full reconstruction and innovative changes in older SCADA systems has high cost, and it is not always rewarding. Communication protocols as Modbus (1979) serve as a main basis for SCADA systems, so security of Modbus has a major impact of the security of SCADA systems. Our paper raises and answers questions about the security of the Modbus RTU protocol. We focus on the serial Modbus protocol, because in that method we found many unsolved problems, like lack of authentication of the participants, lack of secure channel and so on. The aim of this paper to propose a secure communication alternative for Modbus RTU @ RS485 wire. The main advantage of the proposed method is the coexistence with traditional slaves and bus systems and only software update is necessary

At the Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, we have long been engaged in the design and development of self-constructed, predominantly electric, single-seat prototype race cars. To enhance the efficiency of both vehicle design and competitive performance, the authors previously developed a modular technical data optimization software. This tool comprises two key modules: a vehicle dynamics simulation program that derives driving dynamics from technical specifications (parameters) and an optimization module that fine-tunes these parameters for various racing scenarios. However, the large number of input variables often renders the optimization process computationally intensive and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel filtering process designed to streamline the optimization process. This method systematically identifies and excludes parameters whose uncertainties exert minimal influence on the simulation outcomes. This approach significantly reduces computational overhead, thereby accelerating the optimization process.

In this paper four short sessions are reviewed in the theme of introductory programming. The sessions were performed in four different student groups from the age twelve to seventeen in two different schools. The paper summarizes important input and output properties of the groups, like the preliminary studies of Informatics and the grades in both Informatics and Mathematics – if available – also the results of the learning process during the sessions. The focus is on the skills of programming and self-learning, and the differences of it in respect to the age, the gender and the preliminary studies.