Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the lung volume changes depending on the resected lobes. The changes were quantitatively evaluated using stereological methods on computed tomography images and by pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Methods The study subjects included 30 patients who underwent lung resection. Of these, 26 patients underwent lung resection due to non–small cell lung cancer and 4 patients for benign reasons. Patients were classified into the following six groups according to the resected lobes and lungs: right lower lobectomy, right upper lobectomy, left lower lobectomy, left upper lobectomy, right pneumonectomy, and left pneumonectomy cases. All patients were evaluated with the PFT and computed thorax tomography (CTT), preoperatively and in the postoperative 3rd month. Volume changes due to resection were estimated on CTT scans using the Cavalieri principle of the stereological methods, and their relationships to the PFTs were evaluated. Results Stereologically estimated data showed that the volume loss was 19.01% in upper lobectomy and 5.57% in lower lobectomy (p < 0.05). The highest volumetric increase of the contralateral lung and minor volume loss of the ipsilateral lung was observed in lower lobectomy. After right lower lobectomy, the highest postoperative volume increase was observed at the contralateral lung and the least volume loss in the remaining ipsilateral lung. In PFT, forced vital capacity (FVC) decreased to 3.07% after lower lobectomy whereas it decreased to 11.94% after upper lobectomy. FVC revealed that no significant change occurred after right lower lobectomy (p < 0.05). Conclusions Although the parenchyma resected in lower lobectomy is larger, the postoperative total lung volume reduction is less than that of upper lobectomy. After lower lobectomy, postoperative compensation is achieved specifically by the expansion of contralateral lung, together with the remaining ipsilateral lung.

Background: In cases of congenital chest wall deformities, it is important to maintain the flexibility of the chest wall after rib cartilage resection. In this study, we aimed to determine the regeneration capability of cartilage and the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the regeneration process. Methods: A total of 16 four-week-old New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. In the 4th–5th right costal cartilages, the perichondrial sheaths were dissected and costal cartilages were excised. Then, the perichondrial sheaths were closed with absorbable material in the sham group (n = 8), and this was done after replacing PRP in the PRP group (n = 8). The left costal cartilages of the animals were used as controls. The volumes of the costal cartilages and their perichondrial sheaths were estimated using Cavalieri’s principle. In addition, the mean numerical densities of the chondroblasts and chondrocytes per square millimetre were estimated using unbiased counting frames. Results: In the PRP and sham groups, the volumes of the cartilages and perichondrial sheaths were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The numerical densities of the chondroblasts and chondrocytes increased more in the PRP group than in the sham group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Applying PRP after resection may provide better healing and faster regeneration of cartilage.

Background and Objectives: Insufficient margin in lung cancer is associated with an increased locoregional recurrence rate. In pulmonary segmentectomy, two commonly used methods for identifying the intersegmental plane are inflation–deflation and indocyanine green dyeing. The aim of this study was to compare these two methods in terms of quality margins and to evaluate their superiority. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent segmentectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary nodules and underwent preoperative planning with 3D modeling between October 2020 and February 2024 were included in this study. The location of the nodule and the distance to the intersegmental margins were virtually measured preoperatively using an open-source 3D modeling system. Patients were grouped according to the method of identifying the intersegmental margins. Group 1 included segmentectomies performed by the inflation–deflation method (n = 42), and Group 2 included segmentectomies performed by systemic indocyanine green (ICG) injection (n = 21). The area where the histopathological nodule was measured closest to the intersegmental margin was recorded. Values within (+/−10 mm) compared to the value measured in the three-dimensional model were considered successful. The obtained data were statistically compared between the groups. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of virtual and pathological margins. However, in terms of margin quality, the rate of deviation detected in the pathological margin compared to the measured virtual margin was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.04). Accordingly, the success rate was 64.3% in Group 1 and 90.5% in Group 2 (p = 0.05). In Group 1, the failure rate was highly against the adjacent parenchyma. There was no significant difference between the groups in the analysis of simple and complex segmentectomies. Conclusions: Intersegmental plane identification with indocyanine green increases the margin quality by defining resection margins closer to the virtual margins. In the inflation–deflation method, unnecessary parenchymal loss occurs due to disadvantages in identifying intersegmental margins.