To date, human actions have significantly changed 75% of the Earth's surface. This has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the rate of biodiversity loss in human history. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, over the past 500 years, as a result of direct or indirect influence of the anthropogenic factor, 774 animal species and 123 plant species have become extinct. To prevent further loss of biodiversity, in the context of the ongoing «crisis of biodiversity», all over the world, including Kazakhstan, there is a need for reliable conservation of the available genetic resources of plants and animals, primarily rare and endangered species. In this regard, specialized biobanks of organized collections of living biomaterials are successfully used worldwide for the conservation and restoration of populations of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna. The article presents information about some of the largest biobanks and their importance in solving this global problem. The experience of scientific centers of Kazakhstan in the field of biobanking of biomaterials of wild flora and fauna, including rare and endangered species, is given, and the results of the National Center for Biotechnology in this area are summarized.

Data on the synthesis of new derivatives of 13-methoxy sesquiterpene lactone from the guiana series, including ludartin and arglabin, are presented. The structures of the synthesized compounds were studied using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H and 13C). Chemical shifts, multiplicities, and integral signal intensities in the one-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectra were determined. The spatial structure of the new derivatives was determined using X-ray crystallographic analysis. Molecular docking of the obtained compounds with 5-lipoxygenase (PDB ID 6BP2) was performed. It was found that they could theoretically inhibit one of the enzymes of the proinflammatory cascade, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). The molecule of 13-methoxyludartin (2) can participate in the formation of hydrogen bonds with amino acids of the substrate-binding cavity, as well as interact with amino acids of the alpha-helix stabilizing 5-LOX catalytic iron ion. These interactions lead to high stability of the 5-LOX-13-methoxyludartin complex in the first 70 ns of the molecular dynamics simulation.

The development of industrial biotechnology is based on the use of resources from objects such as microbial cultures. Collections of microorganism cultures contain strains that are used in research and applied development. Expanding the resources of industrial microorganisms, optimizing methods for their storage and improving bioproducing properties is an urgent task for the collection of microorganisms. In this work, we studied the maximum viability rate and morpho-cultural characteristics of collection cultures stored for more than 10 years using the freeze-drying method. This was done to evaluate the effectiveness of this storage method and the protective environments used. The object of the study were 32 strains of various taxonomic groups of bacteria, fungi, yeasts and actinomycetes. In sum, we obtained the following results: 2 cultures did not grow after reactivation, 30 cultures corresponded to their passport characteristics and had a viability rate within the acceptable limits for industrial crops, more than 10⁶ CFU/ml: 10⁸-10¹⁰ CFU/ml. The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of storage by lyophilization and the protective media used on gelatin, sucrose and skim milk. Objects of research can be used in various spheres of human life.