Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between core endurance and physical activity level in healthy young adults. Methods: This study was conducted with 310 university students [male=154 (49.7%) and female=156 (50.3%)] aged between 17 and 28 who attended Dokuz Eylul University. A sociodemographic data form was filled by all participants. Physical activity levels of the students were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Core endurance was measured using anterior and right/left plank tests.Results: The average anterior plank test period of the participants was 77.0±43.8 sec. and the average lateral plank test period was 43.9±28.0 sec. We found that 14.8% (n=46) of the participants were inactive, 48.1% (n=149) were minimally active, and 37.1% (n=115) were very active, according to the IPAQ. According to the IPAQ data, vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and walking variables in male participants were significantly higher than female participants (p<0.05). Plank test periods (anterior and lateral) of participant which have vigorous and moderate physical activity was significantly higher (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between core endurance and physical activity level. According to this study, physical activity is not influenced by core endurance. Particularly, in order to protect or increase the endurance of the core muscles, which have an important role in the prevention of mechanical lumbar problems, it was thought that only physical exercises would not be sufficient and it should be performed special exercises for these muscles.

Background: Core muscular endurance is believed to support both postural control and proprioceptive accuracy. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between core endurance, dynamic balance, and proprioceptive function of the hip and shoulder joints in healthy young adults. Methods: Sixty healthy young adults (mean age: 20.9 ± 2.4 years) participated. Core endurance was evaluated using McGill tests: Trunk Anterior Flexor Test (TAFT), Trunk Posterior Extensor Test (TPET), Right and Left Lateral Plank Tests (RLPT, LLPT). Dynamic balance was assessed with the Pedalo ^® platform, while shoulder and hip proprioception (flexion and abduction) was measured using the Biodex System 3 Pro. Results: Significant positive correlations were observed among the McGill core endurance tests, with the strongest association between RLPT and LLPT. However, no significant bivariate correlations were found between the core endurance tests and dynamic balance or shoulder and hip proprioception (flexion and abduction). In the regression analysis, only the mean lateral plank time (LPTmean) emerged as a significant predictor of dynamic balance, whereas the Trunk Posterior Extensor Test (TPET) showed a small but significant association with shoulder flexion joint position sense error. No core endurance test significantly predicted shoulder abduction or hip proprioception. Conclusions: These findings suggest that lateral core endurance may be particularly associated with dynamic balance under tasks that involve medio-lateral stability demands, and that posterior trunk endurance (TPET) may be related to shoulder flexion proprioception in healthy young adults. These associations are correlational and should be interpreted with caution.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether hamstring shortness, which is commonly observed in sedentary young adults, is associated with knee joint proprioception and dynamic balance.Method: Fifty-seven sedentary young adults (aged 18-27 years) voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study. Hamstring shortness was assessed using the Knee Extension Angle (KEA) test, with values above 20° indicating hamstring shortness. Proprioception was measured using the Biodex System 3 at target angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° through the active joint position reproduction method, and the mean joint position sense error was calculated. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the Pedalo® Sensamove balance platform with participants’ eyes open. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to determine relationships among KEA, proprioceptive errors, and balance performance.Results: All participants exhibited KEA values exceeding 20°, confirming hamstring shortness within the sample. Significant positive correlations were found between KEA and knee joint position sense errors at 30° (r=0.32, p

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between mobility performance assessed using four different classification systems (GMFCS, MACS, CFCS, and BFMF) and the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP), as well as the predictive power of these systems on mobility. A total of 100 children with cerebral palsy aged 8–14 years were included in the study. The distribution of GMFCS, MACS, CFCS, and BFMF levels and their relationships with FMS scores at distances of 5 m, 50 m, and 500 m were analyzed. The classification system levels were converted into dummy variables and included in multiple regression models. According to multiple linear regression analyses, GMFCS levels significantly predicted FMS scores at all distances, whereas MACS, CFCS, and BFMF levels did not make significant contributions to the models. Kruskal–Wallis tests based on GMFCS levels revealed significant differences at all distances. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that all classification systems were positively correlated. The strongest correlation was observed between GMFCS and BFMF (r= 0.571, p < 0.001), and the weakest between CFCS and MACS (r= 0.231, p= 0.021). The explanatory power of the regression models for 5 m, 50 m, and 500 m distances was calculated as 56.1%, 57.2%, and 40.6% (Adjusted R²), respectively. These findings demonstrate that GMFCS is the most effective classification system for predicting mobility and may be prioritized in clinical assessments. Moreover, the significant and positive correlations among the classification systems suggest they may be used complementarily in clinical practice.

Background: Falls are a major complication of Parkinson’s disease and require reliable patient-reported assessment. The Dresden Fall Questionnaire (DREFAQ) is a brief tool assessing falls and related fear. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the DREFAQ into Turkish (DREFAQ-Tr) and evaluate its psychometric properties in people with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: The study had two phases: DREFAQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Turkish, then its psychometric properties were evaluated in people with Parkinson’s disease, with test–retest reliability assessed after 2 weeks. The adaptation followed international translation and cultural adaptation guidelines. Content validity was addressed qualitatively through expert committee review, which evaluated item relevance, clarity, and cultural appropriateness during the adaptation process. Sixty-four individuals with Parkinson’s disease completed the DREFAQ-Tr and comparator scales, including the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) and the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct and convergent validity (correlations with MFES and PDQ-8), and measurement precision (SEM, MDC95) were examined. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate construct validity. Results: The DREFAQ-Tr demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.731; CR = 0.92). Item–total correlations ranged from 0.433 to 0.585. Test–retest reliability was excellent, with ICC values of 0.962 (Near Falls with Fear of Falling), 0.958 (Severe Falls with Injuries), and 0.954 (total score). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a mean difference of 0.28 with 95% limits of agreement (–1.48 to + 2.04), indicating strong agreement. Factor analysis supported a two-factor structure explaining 86.25% of the variance, with clean loadings and no cross-loadings. Convergent validity was confirmed by a strong negative correlation with MFES and a strong positive correlation with PDQ-8. Measurement error analysis yielded SEM = 0.60 and MDC95 = 2.35. No significant floor or ceiling effects were detected. Conclusion: The DREFAQ-Tr is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing fall-related events in Turkish individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Its strong psychometric performance supports its use in both clinical practice and research. Future studies with longitudinal designs are warranted to evaluate responsiveness and minimal important change (MIC) using anchor-based approaches, beyond the MDC95 estimated in the present study.