Fruit flies (Tephritidae) and lance flies (Lonchaeidae) (Diptera) include pests of highest economic importance to horticulture around the world, because various species damage high value fruit crops, These Tephritoidea are the reason for quarantine barriers among many countries, limiting the commerce of fresh fruits and vegetables. Knowledge of frugivorous tephritoid species richness and their interactions with the host plants are extremely important to Integrated Pest Management. This paper presents the interactions of 15 species of Anastrepha Schiner, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Tephritidae), and eight species of Neosilba McAlpine (Lonchaeidae) with 40 host fruit species. We discovered that Pouteria glomerata (Miquel) Radlkofer (Sapotaceae) is the host fruit of Anastrepha undosa Stone. A. zernyi Lima was associated with fruit of Anacardium othonianum Rizzini (Anacardiaceae). This is the first record of A. zernyi from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, and of A. hastata Stone from Central Brazil, A. sorocula Zucchi and A. zenildae Zucchi were the tephritids that infested the highest number of host fruits, A. alveatoides Blanchard, A. distincta Greene, A. macrura Hendel, A. rheediae Stone and A. undosa Stone were recovered from only one species of host, and all of these associations are new records. Also established for the first time are the associations among eight species of Neosilba with 38 host species. N. zadolicha McAlpine and Steyskal, N. pendula (Bezzi), N. glaberrima (Wiedemann) and N. inesperata Strikis and Prado were the most polyphagous Lonchaeidae.

Diversity of Odonata (Insecta) in lotic systems from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. A systematic survey was carried out in four lotic systems from Serra da Bodoquena, the largest natural forests of the State, from August 2007 to November 2008. 548 specimens belonging to 33 species, distributed in 5 families were sampled. Libellulidae was dominant, with 13 species, followed by Gomphidae, Coenagrionidae, Protoneuridae and Calopterygidae. Diversidade de Odonata (Insecta) em sistemas lóticos da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Um estudo sistemático foi realizado em quatro sistemas lóticos da Serra da Bodoquena, maior extensão de florestas naturais do estado, de Agosto de 2007 a Novembro de 2008. Foram coletados 548 espécimes pertencentes a 33 espécies, distribuídas em 5 famílias. Libellulidae foi dominante, com 13 espécies, seguida por Gomphidae, Coenagrionidae, Protoneuridae e Calopterygidae

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) are among the principal phytophagous insects of fruit and vegetables. Their larvae feed on the pulp or seeds of fruits to complete their development, which favors the entry of pathogens and early fall of the fruits, damaging fruit production. The objectives of this research were to determine the richness of fruit fly species and their associations with their host fruits in the Serra da Bodoquena National Park (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil) and surrounding areas. To obtain the fruit fly species from their hosts, monthly collections of fruits were made. Leaf samples were prepared and identified by botanists. The collected fruits were transported to the Laboratório de Insetos Frugívoros, where they were counted and weighed. The species of fruit flies were identified, and their trophic interactions with their hosts analyzed. Thirty-nine plant species from 29 plant families were collected. Twelve fruit species were hosts to fruit fly larvae. The survey resulted in the recovery of 1,476 larvae and 968 adult fruit flies. Among the adults, 878 were Tephritidae and 90 Lonchaidae. Nine species from the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) and 3 from Neosilba (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) were obtained. These are the first reports for Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (all Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting fruits of Eugenia myrcianthes Nied (Myrtaceae); Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Jacaratia spinosa Aubl. (Caricaceae); Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess) O. Berg. (Myrtaceae); Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann) and Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal are recorded for the first time infesting Persea americana Miller (Lauraceae), and Neosilba certa (Walker) (all Diptera: Lonchaeidae) infesting Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler) Engl. (Sapotaceae), Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima (Diptera: Tephritidae) is recorded for the first time infesting Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) in Mato Grosso do Sul State.

Species of fruit flies (Tephritidae) were surveyed in a transect of the Amazonian Rainforest in the district of Clevelândia do Norte, municipality of Oiapoque, state of Amapá, Brazil. This study describes the diversity of fruit fly species sampled inside this transect (2.2 linear km). Eleven McPhail traps were serviced weekly from June 2002 to June 2003. A total of 55 samples were obtained, totaling 125 specimens of Tephritidae. Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 was the most abundant and diverse genus, with 18 species caught. Two new species, A. oiapoquensis Norrbom & Uchôa, 2011 and A. siculigera Norrbom & Uchôa, 2011, were discovered in this survey. Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González, 1993 (n = 40) was the most abundant species. Six species, Anastrepha amita Zucchi, 1979, A. duckei Lima, 1934, A. flavipennis Greene, 1934, A. minensis Lima, 1937, A. pseudoparallela (Loew, 1873), and A. submunda Lima, 1937, are recorded for the first time from Amapá. Three of them, A. minensis, A. pseudoparallela, and A. submunda, are reported for the first time from northern Brazil. This paper updates to 36 the number of frugivorous species of Tephritidae in Amapá

Este trabalho apresenta análise faunística comparativa das espécies de moscas-das-frutas capturadas em armadilhas McPhail (junho a dezembro de 2002) com proteína hidrolisada de milho a 5%. Foram comparadas a riqueza de espécies e a estrutura populacional entre ambientes de mata e pomar dos municípios de Palmas e Porto Nacional, TO. Foram capturados 1.748 indivíduos de espécies de três gêneros de Tephritidae: Tomoplagia Coquillett, 1910, Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 e Ceratitis MacLeay, 1829. De Lonchaeidae foram capturadas espécies de três gêneros: Lonchaea Fallén, 1820, Neosilba McAlpine, 1962 e Dasiops Rondani, 1856. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824). Dezenove espécies de Anastrepha foram coletadas, sendo a maioria dos indivíduos (69,1%) de A. obliqua (Macquart, 1835). Não houve diferença significativa (P < 0,05) do número médio de espécies coletadas entre municípios e entre ambientes, mas o número médio de indivíduos de Tephritidae do município de Palmas e do ambiente mata foram significativamente menores do que de Porto Nacional e pomar, respectivamente. Pelo índice de diversidade de Shannon (H'), utilizado para comparar a diversidade de moscas-das-frutas entre os ambientes dos dois municípios, verificou-se que apenas a diversidade do pomar de Palmas (H' = 1,96) foi maior do que a do pomar de Porto Nacional (H' = 0,81). Na determinação dos índices faunísticos, A. obliqua e A. distincta Greene, 1934 apresentaram-se geralmente como constantes, dominantes e muito abundantes. This paper presents comparative and faunistic analysis of the species of fruit flies captured in McPhail traps (from June to December 2002) baited with 5% corn protein hydrolyzed. Species richness and the patterns of population are compared between forest and orchard environments and between the counties of Palmas and Porto Nacional. A total of 1,748 individuals of Tephritidae belonging to species of three genera were collected: Tomoplagia Coquillett, 1910, Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 and Ceratitis MacLeay, 1829. Species of three genera of Lonchaeidae were also captured: Lonchaea Fallén, 1820, Neosilba McAlpine, 1962 and Dasiops Rondani, 1856. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) and nineteen species of the genus Anastrepha were collected. Most of the collected individuals (69.1%) belonged to A. obliqua (Macquart, 1935). The average numbers of tephritid individuals in Palmas and native forests were significantly lower than Porto Nacional and orchards, respectively. According to the Shannon diversity index (H') and test t used for comparing the fruit flies fauna among the environments, it was verified that only one comparison showed significant difference (P<0,05), that is, the diversity of the orchards in Palmas (H=1.96) was greater than in Porto Nacional (H=0.81). Based on the faunistic indexes A. obliqua and A. distincta Greene, 1934 were found to be constant, dominant and very abundant in almost all environments