Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) are among the principal phytophagous insects of fruit and vegetables. Their larvae feed on the pulp or seeds of fruits to complete their development, which favors the entry of pathogens and early fall of the fruits, damaging fruit production. The objectives of this research were to determine the richness of fruit fly species and their associations with their host fruits in the Serra da Bodoquena National Park (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil) and surrounding areas. To obtain the fruit fly species from their hosts, monthly collections of fruits were made. Leaf samples were prepared and identified by botanists. The collected fruits were transported to the Laboratório de Insetos Frugívoros, where they were counted and weighed. The species of fruit flies were identified, and their trophic interactions with their hosts analyzed. Thirty-nine plant species from 29 plant families were collected. Twelve fruit species were hosts to fruit fly larvae. The survey resulted in the recovery of 1,476 larvae and 968 adult fruit flies. Among the adults, 878 were Tephritidae and 90 Lonchaidae. Nine species from the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) and 3 from Neosilba (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) were obtained. These are the first reports for Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (all Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting fruits of Eugenia myrcianthes Nied (Myrtaceae); Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Jacaratia spinosa Aubl. (Caricaceae); Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess) O. Berg. (Myrtaceae); Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann) and Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal are recorded for the first time infesting Persea americana Miller (Lauraceae), and Neosilba certa (Walker) (all Diptera: Lonchaeidae) infesting Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler) Engl. (Sapotaceae), Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima (Diptera: Tephritidae) is recorded for the first time infesting Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) in Mato Grosso do Sul State.

This study aimed to know the species of frugivorous flies (Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids associated with fruits in home orchards. It was conducted in the Gurgueia Valley, municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil. Fruit collection was carried out from April to December 2016. A total of 959 fruits (12 kg) belonging to seven fruit species were sampled, such as acerola (Malpighia glabra), carambola (Averrhoa carambola), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), balsam pear (Momordica charantia), cherry of the Rio Grande (Eugenia involucrata), umbu-cajá (Spondias bahiensis), and purple mombin (Spondias purpurea). Only three among these species (acerola, umbu-cajá, and purple mombin) were host, with 2,770 frugivorous flies. Umbu-cajá hosted 316 specimens of Anastrepha obliqua, from which puparia have emerged 84 specimens of Opius bellus and four of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae. Purple mombin hosted Ceratitis capitata (2,384 specimens), Neosilba pendula (69 specimens), and Anastrepha sp. (one male). Eleven specimens of Tetrastichus giffardianus emerged from the puparia of C. capitata. Acerola hosted only one female of C. capitata and six specimens of N. pendula. Ceratitis capitata and N. pendula were recorded for the first-time infesting fruits of purple mombin in Piauí. Tetrastichus giffardianus parasitizing C. capitata in purple mombin was first recorded in the state of Piauí. Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae is a new record in A. obliqua in umbu-cajá in Brazil.

Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) is a species of fruit fly belonging to the Lonchaeidae family, widely distributed in neotropical region. Given the wide distribution and potential ecological and agricultural importance of species within this family, investigating their presence in different cropping systems becomes relevant for understanding their dynamics and possible interactions with cultivated plants. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of dipterans from the family Lonchaeidae in organically grown maize in the south-central region of the state of Piauí, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in the municipality of Alvorada do Gurguéia, in an area managed by smallholder farmers organically. Maize ears were collected between November 2019 and May 2020 and transported to the Plant Science Laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Professora Cinobelina Elvas Campus (CPCE), in Bom Jesus, Piauí. In the laboratory, ears were weighed (total biomass of 12.13 kg) and placed in plastic containers filled with oven-sterilized sand to allow adult emergence. A total of 62 adult flies (33 females and 29 males) belonging to N. glaberrima emerged from 55 maize ears. This study, therefore, constitutes the first record of N. glaberrima (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) associated with maize (Zea mays L.) in Neotropical Region. Understanding the infestation dynamics and impacts of N. glaberrima on Z. mays is essential for developing integrated pest management strategies, and for the adoption of sustainable management and biodiversity conservation strategies in organic systems.

Spodoptera eridania (Cramer, 1792) is increasingly reported from potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado, where infestations can cause substantial yield losses. Insecticides may alter the behavioral ecology of agricultural pests. The adaptability of S. eridania mediated by insecticides, especially regarding oviposition behavior, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution and oviposition traits of S. eridania on potato plants under chlorfenapyr spraying. Egg masses were collected weekly, day after planting (DAP), totaling 322 collections up to the 91st DAP. Evaluations included the vertical plant strata (upper, middle and lower thirds), leaf surface (adaxial vs. abaxial), and density of scales covering egg masses (high, low, or absent). Results showed that nearly 90% of egg masses were deposited in the upper and middle thirds of the plants. Insecticide spraying modulated oviposition behavior because females preferred the middle third in treated plants, whereas oviposition predominated in the upper third of untreated plants. Moreover, under chlorfenapyr, 93.0 ± 1.2% of egg masses were placed on the abaxial surface. These findings highlight the role of insecticide-mediated behavioral shifts in shaping host-pest interactions and provide relevant insights for integrated pest management of S. eridania in potato field systems.