Background: Breast cancer is the most common occurring cancer in women worldwide. To guide current breast cancer screening program, the level of knowledge about breast cancer should be evaluated. This study aims to ascertain the level of breast cancer knowledge including risk factors, signs and symptoms, and early detection methods, especially mammography screening. Methods: The study was conducted among 1353 Jordanian women from the public using a self-administered questionnaire. Responses to the knowledge test were summed for an overall knowledge score. Comparisons between socio-demographics and knowledge, attitude and practice were also measured using a Chi-square test. Results: About 76% of participants were aware that breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Jordan. About 53.7% of our participants were rated as having an intermediate level of knowledge regarding risk factors, and 44% were rated as having a good to an excellent level of knowledge about breast cancer signs and symptoms. The participants’ level of education was the main factor identified as influencing the participants’ knowledge of the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and knowledge of early detection methods of breast cancer. The study sample was rated as having an intermediate level of knowledge regarding mammography screening; however, their participation in this screening method was low. Conclusion: Although Jordanian women had an acceptable level of knowledge of breast cancer, the screening rates for mammography were low. These findings suggest that there is a need to provide extra awareness programs for Jordanian women to improve their breast cancer knowledge and practice.

Background: A wide range of microorganisms poses a threat to patients and dental care teams. Implementation of safety guidelines is thus essential to prevent infection in dental clinics. Aim: To investigate the level of infection-control practices among dental health-care providers in Jordan. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to dental care providers from hospitals, academic institutions, and dental centres. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic variables, professional characteristics, and recommended guidelines of infection control. Results: A total of 190 questionnaires were obtained out of 500 distributed questionnnaires (response rate: 38%). Females accounted for 62.6% of the sample and 64.7% were dentists. The majority was vaccinated against hepatitis B (82.1%) and wash their hands as usual behavior before (66.3%) and after (83.2%) treatment. Approximately 87.9% wear gloves and 78.9% wear masks while performing dental procedures. Autoclave sterilization and puncture-resistant containers for sharp instruments were used by 90.5% and 88.4%, respectively. The majority (81.0%) had protocols for emergency treatment of needle stick or other sharps accidents. High volume evacuation was used in 28.6% of public hospitals compared to 19.4% in academic institutions (P< 0.01). In addition, surface barriers for dental unit surfaces were used by 70.2% of private dental clinics, 50% of public hospitals, and 36.1% of academic institutions (P< 0.001). Finally, compared to dentists, dental support staff showed low compliance with infection-control guidelines. Conclusion: The overall practice of infection-control measures among the participants is very good. Educational programs and training strategies should be implemented to maximize and enhance the compliance of the dental care providers with infection-control guidelines.

Advancements in radiation technology have led to a widespread of its use in medicine. Using fluoroscopy in the operating theater has the benefit of providing the orthopedic surgeon with the ability to perform minimally invasive surgeries and improved visualization of the internal structures. This has resulted in fewer surgical complications when compared to open surgeries.^1,2 However, the increase in the use of the fluoroscopically guided procedures during surgeries, has led to a rise in ionizing radiation exposure to orthopedic surgeons.¹ Research has shown that orthopedic surgeons are in the top three most exposed medical professionals to ionizing radiation.³ During the fluoroscopy procedures, the orthopedic surgeon may receive significant amounts of radiation to their hands from the primary beam and to the rest of their body from scattered radiation.⁴ A number of studies have reported a higher risk of developing different types of cancers among orthopedic surgeons due to radiation exposure.^{5 – 7} In addition to cancer, cumulative radiation exposure has demonstrated an increased risk of developing cataracts.^4,8,9