Bu araştırmanın amacı, Aralık 2019`da Çin`in Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan, kısa sürede dünyayı saran COVID-19 salgını ile mücadelede OECD ülkelerinin etkinlik düzeyinin Veri Zarflama Analizi ile araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada çıktı yönelimli Charnes, Cooper ve Rhodes (CCR) ve Banker, Charnes ve Cooper (BCC) yöntemleri kullanılmış, ölçek etkinlik skorları tespit edilmiş, etkin olan ülkelerin Süper etkinlik skorları tahmin edilmiş, etkin olmayan ülkeler için potansiyel iyileştirme önerileri geliştirilmiştir. Analizde girdi değişkenleri olarak; onbin kişi başına doktor, hemşire ve hastane yatak sayıları ve sağlık harcamalarının Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYH) içindeki oranı, çıktı olarak; ülkelerin 24 Nisan 2020 tarihine ait COVID-19 pandemisi verileri, Milyon kişi başına Test sayısı, Vaka sayısı ve Ölüm sayısı ele alınmıştır. CCR yöntemi ile yapılan analiz sonucunda 8, BCC yöntemi ile yapılan analiz sonucunda 11 ülke etkin olmuştur. En yüksek Süper etkinlik skorunu Slovakya (CCR) ve İzlanda (BCC) almıştır. Beklendiği gibi İtalya, İspanya, ABD, Büyük Britanya ve Kuzey İrlanda Birleşik Krallığı ve Fransa etkinlik skorlarında son sıralarda yer almıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, gelişmişlik düzeyi ve sağlık çalışan sayısı yüksek olan ülkelerde daha az vaka ve ölüm sayısının gerçekleşmesinin gerektiği, yapılan test sayılarının etkinliğin artmasında etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

It is the duty of the Central Bank of the Azerbaijan Republic to apply monetary policy for the development of the banking system in the country. The Central Bank is responsible for the balanced and efficient use of banks' resources for the growth of the economy throughout Azerbaijan. In this study, the measurement of the efficiency of all 25 banks operating in Azerbaijan between 2015 - 2019 was investigated with constant return to scale, variable return to scale and Super efficiency models of an input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the analysis results, efficient and inefficient banks were identified and compared, and potential improvement suggestions were developed for inefficient banks. With this, it was thought that the resources for the banking system could be used more efficiently. It has been recommended to the inefficient banks that they should increase their efficiency based on the effectiveness rates from the efficient banks such as Gunay Bank, Bank VTB, AFB Bank and Bank of Baku as reference. It is also recommended to reduce deposit costs in order to increase the volume of deposits to be received from customers. According to the findings, the efficiency of the banking system has increased over the years, and as a result, the average efficiency score of banks operating in Azerbaijan was 75 in 2015 and 95 in 2019. This research will be a source of resources for future researchers, banks, and bank employees and analysts.

The level of development in health is an important criterion for countries. In a study aimed at measuring the performance of the health system in Azerbaijan on a provincial basis, the change in health efficiency of 56 cities between 2015-2019 was analyzed with the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MPI). As an input variable, the number of hospital beds, the number of health workers and the number of physicians were used in the provinces. The values used in input variables are figures per 10,000 people. As an output variable, the number of deaths of infants (under 1 year old), the number of deaths and the number of outpatient clinics were determined. The values used in the output variables are figures per 1000 people. The average MPI scores of the provinces covered by the study were 0.998 in 2015-2016, 1.002 in 2016-2017, 1.036 in 2017-2018 and 1.027 in 2018-2019. Out of the sample cluster of 56 provinces, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) increased in 36 (64.29%), remained constant in 1 (1.79%) and decreased in 19 (33.93%). Furthermore, TFP values were highest in Qazakh (20.6%), Aghdam (12,7) and Dashkesen (12,2). As a result of the study, it was found that there was an increase in productivity levels during the time period when the health performance of the provinces in Azerbaijan was evaluated. For this reason, it is proposed to develop actions and policies aimed at improving performance in low-productivity provinces and to allocate resources taking into account social needs.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors affecting the change of health expenditures in OECD countries and revealing their effect levels. Methodology: Within the scope of the study, the effects of health status indicators on health expenditure per capita were investigated by using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method with 2016 data obtained from OECD health statistics. Findings: The extent to which health status indicators affect the change in health expenditures was tried to be calculated with the Least-Squares and Maximum Likelihood methods of the SFA. According to the estimation results, we observed that inefficiency reason in all analyses was due to a 99,99 % of random error. It was found in the analysis that there was a positive relationship between health expenditure per capita, life expectancy at birth, and the number of nurses per thousand people, and a negative relationship between infant mortality. Originality: This study demonstrates the factors that have an impact on the health-care costs included in the health indicators, as well as the inter-relationship between such health indicators within the OECD countries. It is considered that familiarity with the inter-relationships among health indicators will be of great assistance to health-policymakers and will contribute to the body literature in the context of much more efficient plan preparation.