We propose a novel multiple pilot-carriers assisted direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DDO-OFDM) superchannel transmission scheme. With the proposed scheme, a 432-Gb/s transmission over 3040-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) is successfully demonstrated. The nonlinear effect of correlated/uncorrelated sub-band loading is also investigated.

The incidence of chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis increases with the increasing time of rupture of membranes. Changes in the amount and categories of microbiomes in maternal and fetal environments after membrane rupture have yet to be discussed. In order to determine the microbiome diversity and signature in the maternal, intrauterine, and fetal environments of different durations following membrane rupture, we collected samples of fetal membrane, amniotic fluid, cord blood and maternal peripheral blood from singleton pregnant women and divided them into five groups according to the duration of membrane rupture. DNA was isolated from the samples, and the V3V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was sequenced. We found that the alpha diversity of the fetal membrane microbiome increased significantly 12 h after membrane rupture, while the beta diversity of the amniotic fluid microbiome increased 24 h after membrane rupture. In cord blood, the mean proportion of Methylobacterium and Halomonadaceae reached the highest 12 h after membrane rupture, and the mean proportion of Prevotella reached the highest 24 h after membrane rupture. The LEfSe algorithm showed that Ruminococcus, Paludibaculum, Lachnospiraceae, and Prevotella were detected earlier in cord blood or maternal blood and then detected in fetal membranes or amniotic fluid, which may suggest a reverse infection model. In conclusion, the microbes may invade the placenta 12 h after membrane rupture and invaded the amniotic cavity 24 h after membrane rupture. In addition to the common ascending pattern of infection, the hematogenous pathway of intrauterine infection should also be considered among people with rupture of membranes.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a prevalent and severe pregnancy complication that significantly impacts maternal and perinatal health. Epidemiological studies and animal experiments have demonstrated that PE adversely affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems of offspring, increasing their risk of hypertension and renal pathology. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased risk remain unclear. This study utilized an L-NAME-induced preeclampsia mouse model (PELS model) to investigate the effects of PE on offspring blood pressure and renal pathology, focusing on the expression of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors (AT1R) and related molecules in renal tissues. Our findings show that L-NAME-induced pre-eclampsia led to reduced birth weights and significantly elevated systolic blood pressure in 6-week-old offspring. Histopathological analysis revealed pronounced glomerular and tubular damage in the kidneys of both 1-week and 6-week-old offspring from the pre-eclampsia group. At 1 week of age, the pre-eclampsia group exhibited elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of AT1R, GRK4, AQP2, ENaC, and NCC in renal tissues compared to controls. However, these differences were no longer significant at 6 weeks of age. No significant gender differences were observed in either blood pressure or renal pathological changes. Preeclampsia induced by L-NAME results in increased blood pressure and renal damage in offspring, potentially mediated by early alterations in the renal RAS system. The observed changes in AT1R and related molecules appear to be transient, suggesting that the early impact of pre-eclampsia on renal structure may trigger, but not sustain, hypertension in offspring. Further studies are needed to elucidate the long-term mechanisms driving hypertension in this population.

A few-mode fiber (FMF) is designed to support three spatial modes (LP₀₁, LP_11a, and LP_11b) and fabricated through plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD)and rod-in-tube (RIT) method. Using PDM-DFTS-OFDM- 32QAM modulation, wavelength division multiplexing, mode multiplexing, and coherent detection, we successfully demonstrated 200 Tb/s (375 × 3 × 178.125 Gb/s) signal over 1 km FMF using C and L bands with 25 GHz channel spacing. After 1 km FMF transmission, all the tested bit error rates (BERs) are below 20% forward error correction (FEC) threshold (2.0 × 10^–2). Within each sub-channel, we achieved a spectral efficiency of 21.375 bits/Hz in the C and L bands.