Direct synthesis of NH-sulfoximines from sulfides has been achieved through O and NH transfer in the same reaction, occurring with complete selectivity. The reaction is mediated by bisacetoxyiodobenzene under simple conditions and employs inexpensive N-sources. Preliminary studies indicate that NH-transfer is likely to be first, followed by oxidation, but the reaction proceeds successfully in either order. A wide range of functional groups and biologically relevant compounds are tolerated. The use of AcO15NH4 affords 15N-labeled compounds.
The discovery of alternative fuels that can replace conventional fuels has become the goal of many scientific researches. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils through a transesterification reaction that converts triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with the use of a low molecular weight alcohol, in different reaction conditions and with different types of catalysts. Titanium dioxide has shown a high potential as heterogeneous catalyst due to high surface area, strong metal support interaction, chemical stability, and acid–base property. This review focused on TiO2 as heterogeneous catalyst and its potential applications in the continuous flow production of biodiesel. Furthermore, the use of micro reactors, able to make possible chemical transformations not feasible with traditional techniques, will enable a reduction of production costs and a greater environmental protection.
High-yield, rapid and facile synthesis of elongated pure anatase titania nanoparticles has been achieved through a nonaqueous microwave-based approach. The residual organics onto nanoparticles surfaces were completely removed through a new treatment under ozone flow, at room temperature in air. Such an ozone cleaning method revealed an effective inexpensive dry process of removing organic contaminants from nanoparticles surfaces. The TiO2 elongated nanoparticles having a length of 13.8 ± 5.5 nm and a diameter of 9.0 ±1.2 nm were characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction, BET surface area analyzer and FT-IR spectroscopy. Photocatalytic evaluation demonstrated that the as-synthesized ozone-cleaned TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanoparticles loaded with platinum possess excellent Rhodamine B performance with respect to both commercial spherical nanotitania P25 and P25 loaded with platinum. This could be attributed to the anatase phase purity, small size, large specific surface area and clean surfaces of the prepared nanoparticles.
Biodiesel was produced via transesterification reaction catalyzed by acids, bases, enzymes or supercritical fluids. The catalysis was homogeneous or heterogeneous and the process could be carried out in batch or using a continuous flow process. Microreactors allowed us to obtain better control of the experimental variables, such as temperature, pressure and flow rate, carrying out the reactions in safe conditions, avoiding exothermic and dangerous processes. The synthetic methodologies in continuous flow, combined with other technologies as microwave irradiation or ultrasounds, led to complete automation of the process with an increase in efficiency, also applicable on an industrial scale.
In this review recent examples on the use of flow technology for organometallic-mediated synthesis have been collected. The review focused on synthetic relevant processes and on flow techniques developed for handling reactive intermediates, and conduct synthetic steps difficult to perform using traditional "batch" chemistry.
The not so elusive carbenoid fluoroiodomethyllithium disclosed its electrophilic nature in an unprecedented direct and stereoselective fluorocyclopropanation of allylic alcohols.