Biodegradable magnesium alloys have emerged as promising alternatives to permanent metallic implants due to their unique combination of mechanical compatibility with bone and complete resorption, addressing the persistent issues of stress shielding and secondary removal surgeries. This review critically examines the historical development of magnesium-based biomaterials, highlighting advances in alloy design, manufacturing processes, and surface engineering that now enable tailored degradation and improved clinical performance. Drawing on recent clinical and preclinical studies, we summarize improvements in corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility that have supported the clinical translation of magnesium alloys across a variety of orthopedic and emerging medical applications. However, challenges remain, including unpredictable in vivo degradation kinetics, limited long-term safety data, lack of standardized testing protocols, and ongoing regulatory uncertainties. We conclude that while magnesium-based biomaterials have advanced from experimental concepts to clinically validated solutions, further progress in personalized degradation control, real-time monitoring, and harmonized regulatory frameworks is needed to fully realize their transformative clinical potential.

A search for technologies implementing a high fighting efficiency of the multilayered elements of military equipment

It is shown that when modeling the processes of forging and stamping, it is necessary to take into account not only the hardening of the material, but also softening, which occurs during hot processing. Otherwise, the power parameters of the deformation processes are precisely determined, which leads to the choice of more powerful equipment. Softening accounting (processes of stress relaxation) will allow to accurately determine the stress and strain state (SSS) of the workpiece, as well as the power parameters of the processes of deformation. This will expand the technological capabilities of these processes. Existing commercial software systems for modeling hot plastic deformations based on the finite element method (FEM) do not allow this. This is due to the absence in these software products of the communication model of the component deformation rates and stresses, which would take into account stress relaxation. As a result, on the basis of the Maxwell visco-elastic model, a relationship is established between deformation rates and stresses. The developed model allows to take into account the metal softening during a pause after hot deformation. The resulting mathematical model is tested by experiment on different steels at different temperatures of deformation. The process of steels softening is determined using plastometers. It is established experimentally that the model developed by 89 ... 93 % describes the rheology of the metal during hot deformation. The relationship between the components of the deformation rates and stresses is established, which allows to obtain a direct numerical solution of plastic deformation problems without FED iterative procedures, taking into account the real properties of the metal during deformation. As a result, the number of iterations and calculations has significantly decreased.

The purpose of the article is to develop an apparatus providing maximum or predicted durability of parts treated during their manufacture by plastic deformation. In these terms, the parameters of the technological process should provide the maximum or expected increase of the endurance limit in comparison with the initial parts values before the strengthening by the surface plastic deformation or after plastic forming. The article describes the influence of the degree of preliminary deformation on the kinetics of fatigue failure of metals and alloys. Experimental data of the ultimate deformations of welded workpieces were obtained, which make it possible to evaluate the manufacturing of parts with a weld seam at the design stage of the technological process. The developed method made it possible to determine the nonstationary field of stresses in the deformation region, ultimate deformations and the most rational scheme of the stress-strain state, which excludes the localization of deformations and destruction of the weld zone of a welded cylindrical workpieces.