Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare maternal and fetal outcomes between pregnancies in women aged 40 and over and those in women under 40 years of age at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Necmettin Erbakan University Medical Faculty Hospital, analyzing data from 345 women aged 40 and over and 366 women under 40 who delivered between January 2015 and December 2024. Maternal and perinatal outcomes—including mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, and complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhage—were compared between the two groups. Results: Women aged 40 and over had significantly higher rates of cesarean section (73% vs. 36.1%, p < 0.0001), preterm delivery (27.8% vs. 18%, p = 0.002), and gestational diabetes (14.8% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.002). Additionally, these women had a higher incidence of preeclampsia (13% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.001) and postpartum hemorrhage (18% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.003). Despite these increased risks, the 5 min APGAR score was significantly higher in the ≥40 age group (median 8 vs. 7, p < 0.0001). The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher in patients≥ 40 years, with 5 cases (1.4%) reported, compared to no cases (0%) in the <40 age group (p = 0.025). Conclusions: This study shows that pregnancies in women aged 40 and above carry higher maternal and fetal risks compared to younger women. Complications such as preterm labor, cesarean delivery, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia occur more frequently in this group. However, with careful prenatal care, positive neonatal outcomes are often achievable, highlighting the need for age-specific management and early risk detection.

This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of prenatally diagnosed fetal ovarian cysts, identify predictive factors for surgical intervention, and provide evidence to guide postnatal management strategies. This retrospective study included 15 cases of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed between January 2022 and February 2025 at a tertiary referral center. Sonographic features, cyst size, laterality, and complexity were recorded. Cysts were classified as simple or complex based on ultrasonographic characteristics. Postnatal follow-up data and surgical interventions were analyzed. Of the 15 cases, 53.3% required surgical intervention, while 46.7% resolved spontaneously. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 34 weeks, and the mean cyst size was 44 mm. Simple cysts accounted for 80% of cases. Cyst size≥40 mm was significantly associated with increased likelihood of surgery (p=0.025). ROC analysis identified 39 mm as the optimal cut-off for predicting surgical need (AUC: 0.875, sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 71.4%, p=0.015). Torsion occurred in 13.3% of cases. A larger prenatal cyst diameter was associated with an increased likelihood of postnatal surgical intervention. The ROC-derived threshold of approximately 39 mm corresponds closely to our institutional management criteria and may serve as a practical reference point rather than a definitive universal cut-off.

Toxoplasmosis is the most common congenital parasitic infection. The birth prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis varies between 1 and 10 in 10,000 live births. While 74-81% of infected fetuses have only subclinical infection, up to 19-26% develop fetal/childhood disease even with treatment. Fetuses with congenital toxoplasmosis usually appear normal on prenatal ultrasound. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive of congenital disease include intracranial calcifications, ventriculomegaly, hepatic enlargement, ascites, and increased placental thickness. Neonatal clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis are highly variable. They include hydrocephalus, microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis, strabismus, blindness, epilepsy, psychomotor or mental retardation, petechiae due to thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The classic triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and cerebral calcifications is extremely rare. None of the findings described in neonates with congenital disease are pathognomonic of toxoplasmosis and may mimic congenital infection with other pathogens, such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, rubella, and syphilis.Diagnosis is usually confirmed by toxoplasma DNA PCR from amniocentesis material after 18 weeks of gestation. Prevention has been shown to reduce the incidence of disease and remains the most important intervention. A more careful follow-up process can be established by careful monitoring of ultrasonographic markers.

From Diagnosis to Treatment: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mehmet Efe NAMLI Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infectıon and Intrauterine Ultrasonography Findings Huriye EZVECİ Metabolic Syndrome With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Duygu LAFCI Toxoplasmosis Infection During Pregnancy Melike Sevde HARMANCI Rhd Alloimmunization in Pregnancy Refaettin SAHIN Ectopic Pregnancy Tahir ERYILMAZ Uterine Myoma: Definition, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment Approaches Ecem Dilan DUMAN

Background:The safety and efficacy of the dinoprostone vaginal insert for labor induction in women with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) remains uncertain. This study compared clinical outcomes between women with PROM and those with intact membranes.Methods:In this single-centre retrospective study, singleton pregnancies at ≥37 weeks of gestation induced with a dinoprostone vaginal insert between January 2020 and June 2025 were categorized as PROM (n = 42) or controls (n = 84). Demographic characteristics, cervical status, labor characteristics, delivery mode, maternal complications, as well as neonatal outcomes were analyzed using the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (Approval No.: 2026/6295; Application ID: 29133).Results:Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower in the PROM group than in the control group (37.70 ± 1.17 vs. 39.54 ± 1.39 weeks; p < 0.001). Although pre-induction cervical dilatation was greater in the PROM group, post-induction cervical dilatation and cervical effacement were significantly lower than those in the control group (both p < 0.001). The overall cesarean delivery rate was higher in the PROM group, primarily driven by an increased incidence of cesarean delivery due to fetal distress (35.7% vs. 16.7%; p = 0.008). Tachysystole was rare in both groups (0% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.478). No cases of postpartum hemorrhage or third-degree perineal lacerations occurred, and hemoglobin concentration and blood transfusion rates were comparable between groups. Neonates in the PROM group had significantly lower birth weights (2770.60 ± 447.30 g vs. 3321.20 ± 344.50 g; p < 0.001) and lower 5-minute Apgar scores (8.33 ± 1.00 vs. 9.25 ± 0.65; p < 0.001).Conclusions:Pregnancies complicated by PROM were associated with a reduced cervical response to dinoprostone, higher cesarean delivery rates, primarily due to fetal distress, and less favorable neonatal outcomes, whereas maternal safety outcomes appeared acceptable. Careful patient selection and close intrapartum monitoring are recommended when using dinoprostone for labor induction in women with PROM.