The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new structure called primal. Primal is the dual structure of grill. Like ideal, the dual of filter, this new structure also generates a new topology named primal topology. We introduce a new operator using primal, which satisfies Kuratowski closure axioms. Mainly, we prove that primal topology is finer than the topology of a primal topological space. Also, we provide the structure of the base of primal topology and prove other fundamental results related to this new structure. Furthermore, we not only discuss some of this new structure’s properties but also enrich it with many examples.

Photos taken in unconstrained tourist environments often present challenges for accurate 3D scene reconstruction due to variable appearances and transient occlusions, which can introduce artifacts in novel view synthesis. Recently, in-the-wild 3D scene reconstruction has been achieved realistic rendering with Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs). With the advancement of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), some methods also attempt to reconstruct 3D scenes from unconstrained photo collections and achieve real-time rendering. However, the rapid convergence of 3DGS is misaligned with the slower convergence of neural network-based appearance encoder and transient mask predictor, hindering the reconstruction efficiency. To address this, we propose a novel sky-aware framework for scene reconstruction from unconstrained photo collection using 3DGS. Firstly, we observe that the learnable per-image transient mask predictor in previous work is unnecessary. By introducing a simple yet efficient greedy supervision strategy, we directly utilize the pseudo mask generated by a pretrained semantic segmentation network as the transient mask, thereby achieving more efficient and higher quality in-the-wild 3D scene reconstruction. Secondly, we find that separately estimating appearance embeddings for the sky and building significantly improves reconstruction efficiency and accuracy. We analyze the underlying reasons and introduce a neural sky module to generate diverse skies from latent sky embeddings extract from unconstrained images. Finally, we propose a mutual distillation learning strategy to constrain sky and building appearance embeddings within the same latent space, further enhancing reconstruction efficiency and quality. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms existing methods in novel view and appearance synthesis, offering superior rendering quality with faster convergence and rendering speed.

The risk of a severe course of COVID-19 is increased in patients suffering with Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) due to the following comorbidities: muscular weakness of the chest and diaphragm, use of ventilator supports and/or presence of tracheostoma, weak airway clearance, cardiac involvement, rhabdomyolysis, comoribities, steroid and immunosuppressant treatments. NMD display varying levels of disability in people with the same diagnosis, thus it is difficult to give COVID-19 related general recommendations. Present advicess were designed for patients, caregivers, general neurologists and non-specialist medical providers. They address frequently asked questions and basic service requirements and are supported by a series of in-depth references. In this truly unprecedented situation, the clinical management of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 epidemics - taking into account the related difficulties (patients who have suspended ERT, difficulty in contacting the doctors, etc.) - we propose to use a telemedicine device, i.e. the AIGkit application (AIGkit app), promoted and developed in 2018 by Fabrizio Seidita on behalf of the Italian Glycogenosis Association (AIG). The app was born to allow patients with Pompe disease to receive as far as possible continuous monitoring of their health. The support of all colleagues of the Italian Association for Myology (AIM) should extend its use to all NMD patients and beyond.

The high cost of living in various aspects becomes a challenge that must be faced by the family today, so that family must have a strategy in the management of resources to prevent the occurrence conflict and trigger economic pressure on the family, especially among fishermen families. This study aimed to determine the effect of gender relations, economic pressures, financial management and livelihood strategies on the quality of life of fishermen families. This research used quantitative study design. The research location was Mayangan Village, Legon Kulon Subdistrict, Subang Regency, West Java. The place of this study was selected based on the livelihood of the dominant fisherman population, is Mayangan Village. Respondents in this research were fisherman's wife and willing to be the respondent. The respondents were 60 fishermen's wives. Respondents were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Primary data were collected directly using interview techniques using structured questionnaires. The results showed that economic pressure and financial management influence significantly toward quality of life, financial management and gender relations influence significantly toward livelihood strategy. The implication of this research is the government should provide assistance to the wife in the form of tips in overcoming the economic pressure, so it is necessary to develop family empowerment program with issues in gender relation, financial management and livelihood strategy to solve family problems.

Religiosity has become one of significant factors in adolescence's development, which is influenced by the closest environment among others including religion function in family, threat, and interaction factors with peers. This research aims were analyzing influence adolescence's characteristics, mother's characteristics, religion function in family, threat, and peers interaction on adolescence's religiosity. This research used cross sectional study design on 240 students of class X having intact family and living with both of their parents. The respondents come from two senior high schools and two vocational schools (public and private) in Bogor that are selected purposively because of variation of social and economic status of the families. Data was processed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (independent simple t-test and regression test). The result shows that parents of vocational schools’ students had higher religion function. Boys had higher threats than girls. Private school students had higher interaction than public. Boys had higher religiosity than girls. Students of vocational school and private schools had higher religiosity than ones of senior high cchool and state school. Adolescent's age, religion function in family, and adolescents’s interaction with their peers had significant influence on the religiosity of adolescents. Meanwhile, adolescent's sex, age and mother's education did not have influence on the religiosity of adolescents.

The teenager is a vulnerable phase that needs resilience to optimize their development. This study aimed to determine the influence of husband-wife interaction, parent-child interaction, and the peer interaction on teenager’s resilience. The study was conducted in four vocational and nonvocational high schools (state and private high schools and vocational schools), in the city of Bogor, West Java. Schools were selected purposively. Respondents were 240 mothers and 240 teenagers from grade X who had intact families and lived with their parents. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (independent sample t-test and multiple linear regression test). The results show that boys tend to have a higher conflict with peers while girls feel closer to peers. Moreover, boys have higher resilience than girls. The teenagers from nonvocational schools have higher resilience than ones from vocational schools. Parent-child interaction and peer interaction have a positive influence on teenager’s resilience. Therefore, parents are expected to improve the quality of interaction in the family and provide encouragement for teens to choose good friends.