Two new species of Scytinostroma viz. S. acystidiatum and S. macrospermum, are described from southwest China. Phylogeny based on ITS + nLSU dataset demonstrates that samples of the two species form two independent lineages and are different in morphology from the existing species of Scytinostroma. Scytinostroma acystidiatum is characterized by resupinate, coriaceous basidiomata with cream to pale yellow hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, the absence of cystidia, and amyloid, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.7–7 × 3.5–4.7 μm. Scytinostroma macrospermum is characterized by resupinate, coriaceous basidiomata with cream to straw yellow hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, numerous cystidia embedded or projecting from hymenium, and inamyloid, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 9–11 × 4.5–5.5 μm. The differences between the new species and morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed.

The genus Fuscoporia of the Hymenochaetaceae is characterized by resupinate to pileate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with fine crystal aggregates and encrusted generative hyphae in dissepiment edge and tube trama, the presence of hymenial setae, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Members of the F. contigua group are easy to distinguish from other species of Fuscoporia because of the moderately large pores, presence of mycelial setae, and large hymenial setae. Here, we explore phylogenetic relationships among 20 species of Fuscoporia based on examination of some 90 collections sampled worldwide. Seven new species are recognized in the F. contigua group—F. americana, F. centroamericana, F. costaricana, F. latispora, F. monticola, F. septiseta, and F. sinica—described from China, Costa Rica, Mexico, and the United States. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from DNA sequences of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), D1–D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha (tef1) support the F. contigua group as one of two major clades within Fuscoporia comprising nine species worldwide.

Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetaceae) is characterized by annual to perennial, resupinate to pileate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system, presence of hymenial setae, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nLSU and a combined ITS, nLSU and RPB2 datasets of 18 species of Fuscoporia revealed two new lineages that are equated to two new species; Fuscoporia ramulicolasp. nov. grouped together with F. ferrea, F. punctatiformis, F. subferrea and F. yunnanensis with a strong support; Fuscoporia acutimarginatasp. nov. formed a strongly supported lineage distinct from other species. The individual morphological characters of the new species and their related species are discussed. A key to Chinese species of Fuscoporia is provided.

A new species, Fuscoporia hainanensis sp. nov. (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota), is decribed based on specimens from China. Phylogenetic analyses on the nLSU and ITS+nLSU+TEF1 datasets revealed that the new species was nested within the F. contigua group and formed a strongly supported lineage distinct from other species. The new species is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiocarps with medium pores (4–6 per mm), aseptate skeletal hyphae, presence of mycelial setae, hymenial setae and cystidioles, and cylindric basidiospores (5.0–6.2 × 2.3–3.0 μm). A key to the accepted period species of resupinate and mycelial setae present species of Fuscoporia is provided.

Fuscoporia is a polypore genus of Hymenochaetaceae that causes wood decay, although some species in the genus have medicinal values. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequence data and morphological features identified three new species, F. eucalypticola, F. resupinata and F. subtropica from Australia, China and Malaysia, and these new species derived from the Fuscoporia ferrea group. These three species are illustrated and described. A key to resupinate species of Fuscoporia without mycelial setae in the world is provided.

A new species from Kenya, Eastern Africa, Fuscoporia kenyana sp. nov., is decribed and illustrated. The new species has annual and pileate basidiocarps, small pores (9–11 per mm), septate skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidioles and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on the nLSU and ITS+nLSU datasets demonstrated that Fuscoporia kenyana was a new taxon in the genus Fuscoporia. Two annotated identification keys are provided for the African species and annual and effused-reflexed to pileate species of Fuscoporia, respectively.