Background: Behçet’s disease is a chronic multisystemic vasculitis affecting vessels of different sizes in various organs. Thoracic manifestations of the disease show a wide spectrum involving a variety of anatomic structures within the chest. However, pulmonary artery involvement is a typical manifestation of the disease that contributes significantly to mortality in patients. The study aimed to analyze CT features of thoracic manifestations, particularly pulmonary artery involvement, and to quantitatively assess bronchial arteries in Behçet’s disease.Methods: Patients with Behçet’s disease who underwent CT scans for suspected thoracic involvement between 2010 and 2018 were included. CT findings of 52 patients were retrospectively analyzed for thoracic manifestations of the disease. Bronchial arteries were assessed regarding diameter in patients with/without pulmonary artery involvement. The pulmonary symptoms were noted.Results: Of the 52 patients, 67% had thoracic manifestations including pulmonary artery involvement, parenchymal changes, superior vena cava thrombosis, and intracardiac thrombus. Pulmonary artery involvement was observed in 50% of the cohort. Peripheral pulmonary arteries (77%) were the most commonly affected branches, followed by lobar (42%) and central (35%) pulmonary arteries. Other thoracic findings were significantly correlated with pulmonary artery involvement (p<0.05). Compared to patients without pulmonary artery involvement, those with pulmonary artery involvement had a higher bronchial artery diameter (p<0.05) and occurrence rate of dilated bronchial arteries.Conclusion: Involvement of peripheral pulmonary arteries is frequently encountered in Behçet’s disease and it can resemble pulmonary nodules. Dilated bronchial arteries, which can be observed in cases of pulmonary artery involvement, should be considered in patients with hemoptysis.

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by immune-mediated inflammation and variable degrees of fibrosis. Aims: To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and hematological features of patients diagnosed with HP. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: We included 100 patients diagnosed and followed for HP between 2020 and 2024. Demographic characteristics, pulmonary function test results, diffusing capacity, six-minute walk test findings, antigen exposure history, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age was 63 ± 14 years, with equal sex distribution. Sixty-five percent of patients had identifiable antigen exposure, predominantly related to birds or bird products (86.4%). Surgical lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in 29% of cases. The most common HRCT findings were reticulation (87%), ground-glass opacities (84.7%), and centrilobular nodules (75%); fibrotic features were present in 48% of patients. Glucocorticoids were the main treatment (77%), and antifibrotic therapy was used in 20% of cases. Neutrophil count showed a modest positive correlation with honeycombing (r = 0.27, p = 0.025). Basophil count demonstrated a mild association with bird-related antigen exposure (r = 0.26, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Peripheral neutrophil and basophil counts showed weak but statistically significant associations with fibrotic HRCT features and exposure patterns. These exploratory findings suggest that routinely available hematologic parameters may provide supportive information alongside radiologic and clinical data. Prospective studies are needed to validate their diagnostic and prognostic relevance in HP.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız pulmoner tromboemboli (PTE) şüphesiyle pulmoner BT anjiografi yapılan hastalarda PTE pozitiflik oranını araştırmaktı. Ayrıca BT anjiografide saptanan alternatif tanıların sıklığını ve alternatif tanıların saptanmasında akciğer grafisinin rolünü belirlemekti. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2018- Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında acil servise başvuran ve PTE şüphesiyle pulmoner BT anjiografi yapılan hastalar dahil edildi. Radyolojik rapor bazında PTE negatif, PTE pozitif ve şüpheli olmak üzere hastalar üç gruba ayrıldı. PTE negatif grupta BT anjiografi incelemeleri alternatif tanılar yönünden iki radyolog tarafından gözden geçirildi. Alternatif tanılar konsolidasyon, kitle ve amfizem gibi hastaların klinik ve semptomlarını açıklayan bulgular olarak tanımlandı. Akciğer grafileri alternatif tanıların saptanabilirliği yönünden değerlendirildi. Başvuru anındaki semptomlar, klinik bulgular ve laboratuar bulguları kaydedildi. Bulgular: Ocak 2018-Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında toplam 683 hastaya PTE şüphesiyle pulmoner BT anjiografi yapılmıştı. Hastaların %6,4’ünde PTE pozitifti. PTE saptanmayan hastaların %65’inde klinik bulgular ve semptomları açıklayabilecek alternatif tanılar mevcuttu. En sık alternatif tanılar konsolidasyon, atelektazi, amfizem ve bronşiektaziydi. Bu alternatif tanıların %72’si hastaların akciğer grafilerinde de izlendi. Hastaların %15’inde semptomlarla ilişkisiz insidental bulgular saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda PTE şüphesiyle uygulanan pulmoner BT anjiografi incelemelerinde alternatif tanıların PTE tanısından çok daha yüksek bir oranda saptandığını ve bu alternatif tanıların büyük çoğunluğunun ise BT’ye gerek kalmadan akciğer grafisi ile tespit edilebileceğini ortaya koyduk.

Background: Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a parenchymal lung disease resulting from the prolonged inhalation of coal dust. Coal dust exposure may also lead to a spectrum of airway and parenchymal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, radiological and functional findings of CWP, as well as the presence of interstitial changes and associated risk factors. Methods: Patients with CWP who were admitted to the occupational diseases clinic of a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2023 were included. Demographic, radiological, and pulmonary functional data were analyzed. High-resolution computed tomography scans were reviewed for interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Factors associated with ILD were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: A total of 100 male patients with CWP (mean age, 61.7 ± 11.7 years) were evaluated. Large opacities were present in 37% of cases. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive impairment in 35% and obstructive impairment in 38%of patients. Compared with those working lignite mines, bituminous coal miners exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of large opacities and lower lung function values. ILAs were identified in 63% of patients and ILD in 42%. ILD prevalence was significantly higher among those with exposure durations exceeding 10 years, working in bituminous coal mines, and with predominant small opacities larger than 3 mm. Conclusions: Coal dust exposure represents a major risk factor not only for CWP but also for lung function impairment, ILA, and ILD. Comprehensive surveillance of coal workers is essential for early detection and timely management of these conditions.

Aim: The shape and physical properties of the anterior mediastinum can be easily affected by inflammatory lung diseases, tuberculosis, empyema, radiotherapy, chronic fibrotic lung diseases, previous surgery, and after steroid therapy. We planned to compare the properties of anterior mediastinal fat (AMF) in 3 different groups: patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia (cHP), and in the healthy control group. We investigate the AMF shape, dimensions, and AMF area properties on the images of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to find any difference between IPF and cHP patients in terms of AMF. Material and Method: The study comprises a total of 80 cases in the three groups. The first group comprises 26 cases diagnosed as IPF. The second group comprises 19 cases diagnosed as cHP. The third group comprises 35 control patients. The clinical, demographical, and AMF characteristics on HRCT were retrospectively evaluated. The AMF shape and area characteristics were compared between the three groups. Results: There was no statistical difference between the mean ages of cases, BMIs, and smoking status in IPF, cHP, and control groups. Gender distribution was found statistically significant between the 3 groups (p=0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed between the IPF and cHP groups in terms of FVC levels (2.67±0.59, 2.14±0.80, respectively; p=0.024). Also, a statistically significant difference was observed between the IPF and cHP groups in terms of DLCO levels (57.42±17.21; 77.31±35.21; respectively; p=0.016). In the evaluation of AMF shape properties between two groups (cHP and IPF), the concave figure was significantly more frequent in cHP group (p=0.014). The AMF area analyses revealed that the IPF group’s areas were significantly greater than the cHP and control group’s. The AP dimension of AMF analyses revealed that only the cHP group’s dimensions were significantly smaller than the control group’s (p=0.037). In the analysis of the transverse dimension of AMF, the IPF group’s dimensions were significantly greater than the cHP and control group’s (p