Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione exhibit a variety of biological activities, including antimicrobial (e.g., compounds 31d–k, 32d, 36f), antitumor (e.g., 71, 77a–c, 82g, 94h), anti-inflammatory, analgesic (100a, 102, 105), antidiabetic, and antioxidant (104, 138) activity. These compounds can be efficiently synthesized by classical methods (e.g., cyclization of thiosemicarbazides) and/or modern “green” approaches, which allow for obtaining target compounds in high yields (up to 96%). The presence of electron-donating groups (e.g., -OH, -OCH₃) enhances antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Substituents in the aromatic ring (e.g., NO₂, Cl) affect the ability to bind to biological targets such as DNA or enzymes. 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones can also be used as fungicides and herbicides (e.g., 131), demonstrating high efficiency against phytopathogens. Thus, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives are multifunctional compounds with high potential for the development of new drugs and agrochemicals. Their further study and modification can lead to the creation of more effective and safer drugs.

The paper was dedicated to the investigation of the insecticidal activities of recently prepared 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds and their in vitro efficacy was determined with the help of cell lines taken out of Helicoverpa zea, Trichoplusia ni and Lymantria dispar. The MTT assay yielded results that showed that the compounds synthesized had insecticidal activities between 88.4 -97.2 - 100 µM that were similar to those of the commercial insecticide Imidacloprid 2F of 96.4 -98.3 - 100 µM. In silico testing showed that the newly prepared compounds bind to a variety of amino acid residues either with several interaction modes at the same time such as π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, π-π anion interaction, and π-π alkyl interaction, specifically against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the insect species used. Since they are relatively harmless to the environment, these 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have a potential as alternative agents in sustainable pests control in agriculture, which could be beneficial compared to the use of conventional insecticides. The results highlight the effectiveness of such compounds as effective agents against insect cell lines in agriculture. However, in order to completely prove their practical implementation, there is a need to conduct additional in vivo research and field tests are suggested to verify their effectiveness in real-world situations.

Amidoalkylation of secondary heterocyclic amines by N-[5-(alkylsulfanyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2'-chloroacetamide resulted the new compounds 5-10 that contain 1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thione moiety alongside pyperidine, morpholine, and cytisine fragments. In vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds showed that N-[5-(amylsulfanyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2'-morpholinacetamide exhibited an appreciable antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli (inhibition zone diameter of 16 mm) and gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (10-13 mm).

Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione exhibit a variety of biological activities, includ-ing: antimicrobial (e.g., compounds 31d-k, 32d, 36f), antitumor (e.g., 71, 77a-c, 82g, 94h), anti-inflammatory, analgesic (100a, 102, 105), antidiabetic and antioxidant (104, 138) activity. These compounds can be efficiently synthesized by classical methods (e.g., cyclization of thiosemicarbazides) and/or modern "green" approaches, which al-low obtaining target compounds in high yields (up to 96%). The presence of elec-tron-donating groups (e.g., -OH, -OCH₃) enhances antimicrobial and antitumor activi-ty. Substituents in the aromatic ring (e.g. NO₂, Cl) affect the ability to bind to biological targets such as DNA or enzymes. 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones can also be used as fungicides and herbicides (e.g. 131), demonstrating high efficiency against phytopathogens. Thus, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives are multifunctional compounds with high potential for the development of new drugs and agrochemicals. Their further study and modifi-cation can lead to the creation of more effective and safer drugs.