High-resolution and three-dimensional measurements at large scales represent a crucial frontier in flow diagnostics. Color-encoded illumination particle imaging velocimetry has emerged as a promising non-contact volumetric measurement technique in recent years. By employing chromatic gradient illumination to excite tracer particles, this method encodes depth information into color signatures, which are then correlated with two-dimensional positional data in images to reconstruct three-dimensional flow fields using a single camera. This review first introduces the fundamental principles of particle image velocimetry/particle tracking velocimetry and chromatic-depth encoding. Subsequently, we categorize color-depth-encoded particle velocimetry methods based on different illumination strategies, including LED-based, projector-based, and laser-based systems, discussing their respective configurations and representative applications. Finally, we summarize the current research progress in color-encoded particle image velocimetry techniques, provide a comparative analysis of their advantages and limitations, and discuss existing challenges along with future development prospects.