El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y energía digestible y metabolizable de la semilla y torta de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) precocida y procesada (peletizado y extruido) en cuyes. En cada ensayo se utilizaron 15 cuyes machos, de 3 meses edad y peso promedio de 700 g. El peletizado se realizó a 87 °C y la extrusión a 105 °C. La digestibilidad y metabolicidad fue determinada utilizando el método de sustitución y colección total de excretas (heces y orina). Los valores de digestibilidad aparente (%) para materia seca, proteína bruta, fibra cruda y extracto etéreo para la semilla peletizada fueron de 54.4, 79.6, 27.0, 76.1 y semilla extruida de 48.7, 83.5, 16.2 y 81.7 respectivamente; mientras que para torta peletizada fueron de 82.5, 81.2, 98.7, 65.9 y torta extruida 76.7, 83.2, 92.8 y 62.4. La energía digestible en la semilla peletizada y extruida fue de 3296 y 3681 kcal/kg de materia seca, y en la torta peletizada y extruida fue de 4621 y 4161 kcal/kg de materia seca, respectivamente. La energía metabolizable en la semilla peletizada y extruida fue de 2676 y 3243 kcal/kg de materia seca, y en la torta peletizada y extruida fue de 4346 y 4137 kcal/kg de materia seca, respectivamente. El tipo de procesamiento no afectó los valores energéticos en la semilla y torta de sacha inchi.

The accurate classification of Neotropical deer is essential for effective conservation strategies; however, many species within the genus Mazama remain taxonomically unresolved due to morphological similarities and historical uncertainties. Mazama tschudii , originally described from the western Andes of Peru, has been debated due to the absence of a designated type specimen and its resemblance to other brocket species. This study integrates morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular data to clarify its taxonomic status, designate a neotype, and highlight its significance for conservation. A recently collected specimen from La Ramada, Lambayeque, Peru, matched the original description of Wagner (1855), exhibiting a smaller size, darker pelage, and distinct cranial features compared to closely related species such as Mazama americana , M. temama , and gray brockets ( Subulo gouazoubira , Passalites nemorivagus ). Cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid number of 2n = 42 and a fundamental number (FN) of 68, with extensive chromosomal rearrangements that distinguish it from other Mazama species and suggest reproductive isolation. Mitogenome analysis placed M. tschudii as a sister species to M. temama , yet distinct from M. americana . Despite this close molecular relationship with M. temama , chromosomal divergence and BAC-FISH results demonstrated independent evolutionary trajectories, with ten centric and four tandem fusions differentiating their karyotypes. These results provide robust chromosomal and genomic evidence to validate M. tschudii as a distinct species under the biological species concept. The formal neotype designation from its historical type locality establishes a definitive taxonomic reference, contributing critical insights into the evolutionary complexity of Neotropical deer and reinforcing the importance of integrative taxonomy in shaping conservation priorities.

The aim in this study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, and methane production of Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitch in periods with different rainfall in the Peruvian rainforest region. The pasture was managed under a rotational grazing system. The nutritive quality and in vitro CH4 production of the pasture during both experimental periods was determined from a sample obtained by zigzag technique and sampling points using the method of destructive systematic sampling. Echinochloa polystachya in the period of lower than higher rainfall had a higher content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p < 0.001). Organic material (OM) was higher in the period of greater rainfall (p < 0.001); however, the crude protein (PC) content (p = 0.11), in vitro digestibility of OM (p = 0.89), corrected net gas production (p = 0.83) and in vitro CH4 output (p = 0.63) were similar for rainfall periods.

The performance of estrus synchronization protocols may be influenced by stressful environmental conditions, even in tropically adapted cattle. This study evaluated the efficacy of two synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in crossbred Gyr dairy cows and their relationship with heat stress under Peruvian tropical conditions. Multiparous lactating cows under semi-intensive systems were synchronized and divided into two groups: the conventional protocol (PC9) and the prolonged proestrus protocol (J-Synch6). Estrus manifestation, pregnancy rate, and their association with the temperature–humidity index (THI) were analyzed across seven phases of the FTAI program (73 days). In PC9 cows, no significant effect of the number of hours in each heat stress category according to THI was found. Conversely, in J-Synch6 cows, more hours in Category 0 (THI < 72) during Phases 1 to 4 (follicular emergence to preovulatory follicle) had a positive effect on the estrus manifestation, whereas in Phase 3 (follicular growth), higher exposure to Category 3 (THI ≥ 83) had a negative effect on estrus manifestation. Both protocols demonstrated similar estrus and pregnancy rates, although heat stress affected estrus rates in J-Synch6, but not pregnancy. The choice of protocol should account for heat stress risks during specific periods of the year to maximize success.

The continuous use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry has caused bacterial resistance and public health risk. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Uncaria tomentosa (HAEUt) leaves on physiological parameters and performance indices of broiler chickens. One hundred COBB 500 chickens of 1 day old and 42.22 g weight were used. The HAEUt was supplemented in drinking water at 0, 1.34, 2.68 and 4.03 mg/mL and from 1 to 42 days. The hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG), and the feed conversion rate (FCR), at 42 days old was determined. A complete randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement was used. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and albumin increased as theHAEUt increased (p<0.05); at the same time, DFI decreased with the increase in the HAEUt (p0.05). Conclusively, the HAEUt improved the performance of the broiler chickens, because the HAEUt would modulate anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides which might be responsible for DFI reduction and maintaining DWG and FCR ofchickens and it would improve farmers’ incomes.

Neotropical echinococcosis (NE) is a neglected zoonotic disease in tropical Latin America caused by Echinococcus vogeli. This study analyzed behavioral factors influencing NE transmission across 52 settlements, including rural and urban sites (285 respondents) within its distribution range. Of the surveyed communities, cysts in pacas associated with E. vogeli were reported in 86.5 % of Amazonian rural communities, 75.0 % of Amazonian cities, and 75.0 % of non-Amazonian rural areas. However, only 43.7 % of respondents in Amazonian rural communities and 23.1 % in non-Amazonian rural communities perceived these lesions as dangerous. Discarded livers were often fed to dogs, particularly in Amazonian rural (62.0 %) and non-Amazonian rural (43.6 %) communities, perpetuating the parasite's cycle. Routine dog deworming was also infrequent in rural areas (13.1 % in Amazonian rural and 38.5 % in non-Amazonian rural communities) in comparison to Amazonian cities (72.7 %). Additionally, limited access to healthcare in rural regions likely delays diagnoses, worsening disease outcomes. Human activities, such as handling wild meat and feeding infected organs to dogs, are key to disease transmission. High-risk practices for E. vogeli transmission are significantly more frequent in rural communities. Preventive strategies should focus on wildlife handling and domestic animal sanitation to reduce NE and other zoonotic diseases related to the wild meat chain, especially in rural areas.