With the development of urbanization, people’s living standards have improved. Simultaneously, the growing aggravation of resource shortages and environmental pollution have also gradually attracted widespread attention. Low-carbon energy planning can effectively reduce dependence on fossil resources and carbon emissions to the atmosphere, as well as improve the utilization of resources. Therefore, the formulation and evaluation of low-carbon energy planning have become the focus of attention for related colleges and institutions. This paper puts forward a hybrid multi-criteria decision making(MCDM) method combining decision making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL), analytical network process(ANP), and VIKOR to obtain the weight of each criterion and evaluate each alternative about low-carbon energy planning for building. A hierarchy structure of criteria involving cost, safety, reliability, and environment protection is built. Afterwards, a case of four alternatives is applied for testifying this methodology. Lastly, a comparison with prior methodologies serves as proof of the raised ranking. The presentation has proved that this methodology offers a more precise and effective foundation for decisions about low-carbon energy planning evaluation.

Using the active suspension system of an electric vehicle driven by two rear in-wheel motors as the research object, a 14-degree of freedom coupled vehicle dynamic model is established. Based on the model, a dual-loop proportion integration differentiation controller based on the particle swarm algorithm is designed to control the active suspension in this paper. The designed controller can not only ease the vibration of the vehicle body from the road surface roughness and the unbalanced electromagnetic force but also can improve the ride comfort of the vehicle. To further verify the effectiveness of the control method, the control effect of the active suspension controller designed in this paper is compared with that of a passive suspension and a dual-loop proportion integration differentiation controller without the particle swarm algorithm. The results show that the vertical vibration acceleration, the roller angle and the pitch angle of the vehicle body are significantly improved with the dual-loop proportion integration differentiation controller based on the particle swarm algorithm. Compared with the passive suspension and the dual-loop proportion integration differentiation controller without the particle swarm algorithm, the improvement ratio of the vertical vibration acceleration is 20.92 % and 11.93 %, respectively; the roll angle improvement ratio can reach 57.23 % and 22.02 %, respectively; and the improvement ratio of the pitch angle is 30.23 % and 18.94 %, respectively. The comparison results show that the dual-loop proportion integration differentiation controller optimized with the particle swarm algorithm can better improve the ride comfort of the vehicle.

The structure and magnetic circuit of the modern permanent magnet generator are often very complicated, which makes the traditional finite element analysis of magnetic field highly difficult. This paper establishes an equivalent magnetic circuit model of a new double-radial PM generator using the traditional equivalent circuit method and data analysis, introduces the calculation formulas of permeance and leakage permeance in magnetic circuits in detail, analyzes the influence factors of the LP, and provides the solutions. These studies will have a certain guiding significance for the design and optimization of generator circuits. To obtain the best matching parameters, the main parameters of the generator are tested and analyzed, such as the thickness of PM steel in the magnetization direction, length of PM steel, number of pole pairs, and the thickness of spacer bush. Finally, a prototype is tested, and the results show that the output characteristics of the designed double-radial PM voltage-stabilizing generation device are very good.

Aiming at the problems of large excitation loss and low power generation efficiency of silicon rectifier generators and the unstable output voltage of permanent magnet (PM) generators, a hybrid excitation generator (HEG) with suspended brushless claw pole electrical excitation rotor (EER) and combined magnetic pole PM rotor is proposed in the present work. With only one fractional slot winding stator, the generator adopts PM field as the main magnetic field and electrical excitation field as the auxiliary magnetic field, which not only retains the advantages of high efficiency of PM generators but also effectively reduces excitation consumption. The main structure parameters and the design method were analyzed, and a simulation analysis of no-load magnetic field distribution and flux regulation ability was carried out using finite element software to verify the rationality of the hybrid excitation parallel magnetic circuit design. Moreover, the no-load, load, regulation, and voltage regulation characteristics of the designed generator were tested, and the results show that the designed generator has a wide range of voltage regulation, which can ensure stable output voltage under variable speed and load conditions.

To solve the problems of the non-adjustable magnetic field of the permanent magnet (PM) generator, large excitation loss and high failure rate of electric excitation generator, this paper proposes a parallel electromagnetic and PM hybrid excitation generator (HEG). The designed generator adopts a high power density PM rotor composed of built-in tangential PM steel and V-shaped PM steel and a salient-pole electromagnetic rotor (EMR) with short axial length, less electromagnetic loss, simple and reliable structure. By adjusting the axial length of two rotors and the size of magnetomotive force sources, the generator can adjust the rotor power distribution to meet various power requirements. Meanwhile, the HEG can adjust the electromagnetic magnetic field (EMMF) by adjusting the size and direction of the excitation current, and then can adjust the size of the synthetic magnetic field to achieve the purpose of stabilizing output voltage. In this paper, the magnetic circuit model of the HEG is established by using the equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method, and the rationality of the designed magnetic circuit is verified and analyzed by the finite element method. The prototype is trial-manufactured and tested, and the results show that the designed HEG has a wide magnetic regulation range, stable output voltage, and good output performance.

Due to the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, the development of drive motors for new energy vehicles (NEVs) has become the focus of popular attention. To improve the sine of the air-gap flux density and flux regulation capacity of drive motors, a new hybrid excitation synchronous motor (HESM) has been proposed. The HESM adopts a salient pole rotor with built-in dual-V permanent magnets (PMs), non-arc pole shoes and excitation windings. The fundamental topology, operating principle and analytical model for a magnetic field are presented. In the analytical model, the rotor magnetomotive force (MMF) is derived based on the minimum reluctance principle, and the permeance function considering a non-uniform air-gap is calculated using the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method. Besides, the electromagnetic performance including the air-gap magnetic field and flux regulation capacity is analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results of the air-gap magnetic field are consistent with the analytical results. The experiment and simulation results of the performance show that the flux waveform is sinusoidal-shaped and the air-gap flux can be adjusted effectively by changing the excitation current. This study provides design methods and theoretical analysis references for this type of HESM.