Acute diarrhea is the second leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age in developing countries. The pathogen most strongly associated with diarrhea is rotavirus followed by enteric pathogens such as bacteria, helminthes and protozoan. Adequate sanitation and water supply contribute to decrease acute diarrhea incidence of most etiologic agents, although vaccination remains the most important intervention to control rotavirus acute diarrhea. This study aimed to describe environmental conditions and analyze spatially the acute diarrhea and intestinal infection among rotavirus vaccinated infants from Laranjeiras-Sergipe, Brazil.

Jardim-Botelho A, et al. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2023 Nov;26(6):355-369. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2023.26.6.355

Vegetarianism is becoming a common practice among people. Products of vegetable origin are also on the rise, such as vegetable “milk” and legume-based snacks, which may lead to legume sensitivity and allergies in vegetarian diet followers. Furthermore, products derived from legumes, such as lupin flour or fenugreek powder, are often used as food additives. They function as hidden allergens, not always evident on the precautionary labeling, favoring allergic reactions. As dietary allergen restriction is the fundamental pillar in managing patients with food allergies, this review aims to reflect on practical aspects—diagnosis and nutritional management—in managing legume allergies in vegetarians, aiming to reduce the negative nutritional impact of an even more restrictive diet.

RESUMO Objetivo investigar a forma de oferta de dieta, conforme os diversos métodos de alimentação, e descrever o ganho de peso em recém-nascidos com microcefalia relacionada ao Zika Vírus, comparando-os com recém-nascidos sem microcefalia. Método estudo de coorte retrospectivo com caso controle aninhado. Informações sobre idade gestacional, peso e métodos de alimentação (seio materno, sonda nasogástrica/orogástrica, mamadeira e copo) foram coletadas em prontuários de 43 recém-nascidos com microcefalia por Zika Vírus, equiparados conforme idade gestacional com 43 recém-nascidos sem acometimentos (grupo controle), em uma maternidade de referência no Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados desde o nascimento até a alta hospitalar. As medidas de desfecho foram pesos (ao nascer e na alta), velocidade de ganho de peso, tempo de internação e métodos de alimentação. Resultados O grupo com microcefalia apresentou menores pesos ao nascer (D=-1,67; p<0,001), inclusive com maior probabilidade de serem baixo peso (Phi=0,687; p<0,001), e no momento da alta (D=-0,87; p=0,006), do que o controle. O grupo com microcefalia também apresentou maior velocidade de ganho de peso (D=0,77; p=0,006), embora com métodos alimentares semelhantes ao grupo controle, incluindo a aceitação do seio materno, de forma exclusiva (34,9%) ou complementada (58,1%). Conclusão recém-nascidos com microcefalia relacionada ao Zika Vírus utilizaram métodos alimentares semelhantes, incluindo seio materno, aos do grupo sem acometimento. Quanto ao peso, apresentaram valores menores ao nascimento e na alta, apesar de terem um crescimento precoce pós-natal mais rápido que aqueles sem microcefalia.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the eating behaviors of preschool children who had been exposed to a restricted diet due to an oral food challenge‐confirmed diagnosis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) during early infancy. Methods: This prospective cohort study compared the eating behaviors of Brazilian children previously diagnosed with CMPA to those of a nonallergic control group. Baseline data on infant feeding, clinical history, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected and later analyzed in association with the Children's eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ) at 4 years of age. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between CMPA and CEBQ scores, with both crude and adjusted analyses performed. Results: A total of 74 children, with a mean age of 3.2 months at recruitment, were enrolled (30 with CMPA and 44 controls). Cesarean section delivery, rural geographic location, early introduction of substitute infant formula, and a family history of atopy were associated with higher food fussiness scores. After adjusting for early predictors of eating behaviors, the CMPA group scored significantly higher on the “desire to drink” scale (B adjusted: 2.61; p = 0.031) and on the “food fussiness” scale (B adjusted: 4.07; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Adherence to a CME diet during infancy, following an OFC‐confirmed CMPA diagnosis, was found to have a long‐term impact on eating behavior, as evidenced by higher scores on food fussiness and desire to drink scales, which are linked to feeding difficulties.