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Edvard Sivertsen
Mills AS, Sofienberg Gate 19, N-0558 Oslo, Norway

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Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Food Control
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As part of an extended fish product (mixed salmon spread) value chain involving multiple treatment procedures and mixing processes, oxidation and microbial spoilage can be initiated at any number of steps and go on to accelerate product deterioration. This may occur, for example, when salmon rest raw materials are processed to form mixed emulsion products. To investigate the effect of selected variables in the value chain, a model experiment was designed and implemented, consisting of a chain divided into four steps involving fish feed composition, fish processing, fish spread production and storage. By using this case, the objectives of the paper are to 1) show how a complex split-plot design can be analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate statistical analyses, 2) show how an interplay of the methodologies can contribute to improvement in the interpretation and validation of results, and 3) identify the quality markers most affected by the design variables, and then use these to optimise response measurements for different raw material properties. We also propose some new monitoring and control strategies based on the PCA and results obtained. The analysis has indicated in this case that it may be beneficial for the long shelf-life of the spread to use fresh and lean salmon cuts, to store the product under superchilled conditions and to avoid the addition of secondary seafood ingredients. Salmon feed variables do not affect the eating quality of the spreads. The early addition of a smoke component and the rigor status of the salmon at the time of processing had little effect on eating quality. The variables that did not affect eating quality or shelf-life can be optimised based on aspects such as nutritional or health benefits, or production costs. This article demonstrates that PCA is a useful method both for the monitoring of eating quality with storage time, the definition of control limits for product acceptability, and the statistical validation of split-plot ANOVA results.

ACS Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Kari Thyholt; Turid Rustad; Rasa Slizyte; Kjell D. Josefsen; Eva Johanne Haugen; Aina T. Johansen; Marte Schei; Tormod Næs. Analysing multivariate storage data of seafood spreads. A case study based on combining split-plot design, principal component analysis and partial least squares predictions. Food Control 2021, 131, 108385 .

AMA Style

Edvard Sivertsen, Kari Thyholt, Turid Rustad, Rasa Slizyte, Kjell D. Josefsen, Eva Johanne Haugen, Aina T. Johansen, Marte Schei, Tormod Næs. Analysing multivariate storage data of seafood spreads. A case study based on combining split-plot design, principal component analysis and partial least squares predictions. Food Control. 2021; 131 ():108385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Kari Thyholt; Turid Rustad; Rasa Slizyte; Kjell D. Josefsen; Eva Johanne Haugen; Aina T. Johansen; Marte Schei; Tormod Næs. 2021. "Analysing multivariate storage data of seafood spreads. A case study based on combining split-plot design, principal component analysis and partial least squares predictions." Food Control 131, no. : 108385.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2021 in Membranes
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A novel approach for resource recovery includes forward osmosis (FO) as a concentration step in municipal wastewater treatment. The current study investigates different pre-treatment strategies including biological treatment with a moving-bed bioreactor (MBBR) at different loading rates and particle removal by filtration and sedimentation. Membrane performance and recovery potential for energy and nutrients were investigated in laboratory-scale FO experiments in batch mode using pre-treated municipal wastewater as feed and 35 g/L NaCl as a draw solution. Initial water fluxes were in the range of 6.3 to 8.0 L/(m2·h). The baseline fluxes were modelled to account for flux decline due to concentration effects and to enable the prediction of flux decline due to membrane fouling. Fouling-related flux decline varied from 0 to 31%. Both organic fouling and precipitation of CaCO3 and CaHPO4 were identified by using SEM–EDS. High-rate flushing resulted in complete flux recovery under most conditions. Scaling could be avoided by lowering the pH. Two operation strategies were tested to achieve this: (1) applying a bioreactor with a low organic loading rate to achieve high nitrification, and (2) adding a strong acid. A low organic loading rate and the use of additional particle removal were efficient measures that reduced organic/particulate fouling. The recovery potentials for COD and phosphorous in FO concentrate were close to 100%.

ACS Style

Willy Thelin; Edvard Sivertsen; Gema Raspati; Kamal Azrague; Herman Helness. Concentration of Municipal MBBR Effluent by FO for Resource Recovery: Batch Experiments in Side-Stream Configuration. Membranes 2021, 11, 278 .

AMA Style

Willy Thelin, Edvard Sivertsen, Gema Raspati, Kamal Azrague, Herman Helness. Concentration of Municipal MBBR Effluent by FO for Resource Recovery: Batch Experiments in Side-Stream Configuration. Membranes. 2021; 11 (4):278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Willy Thelin; Edvard Sivertsen; Gema Raspati; Kamal Azrague; Herman Helness. 2021. "Concentration of Municipal MBBR Effluent by FO for Resource Recovery: Batch Experiments in Side-Stream Configuration." Membranes 11, no. 4: 278.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2020 in Kart og Plan
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ACS Style

Åshild Lappegard Hauge; Berit Time; Cecilie Flyen; Edvard Sivertsen; Christoffer Venås; Maria Thomassen. Klimatilpasning – hvordan få det til å skje? Betydningen av læring i nettverk. Kart og Plan 2020, 113, 145 -167.

AMA Style

Åshild Lappegard Hauge, Berit Time, Cecilie Flyen, Edvard Sivertsen, Christoffer Venås, Maria Thomassen. Klimatilpasning – hvordan få det til å skje? Betydningen av læring i nettverk. Kart og Plan. 2020; 113 (3):145-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Åshild Lappegard Hauge; Berit Time; Cecilie Flyen; Edvard Sivertsen; Christoffer Venås; Maria Thomassen. 2020. "Klimatilpasning – hvordan få det til å skje? Betydningen av læring i nettverk." Kart og Plan 113, no. 3: 145-167.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2018 in Sustainability
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Urbanization and increased precipitation volumes and intensities due to climate change add pressure to the urban drainage system, resulting in increased flooding frequencies of urban areas and deteriorating water quality in receiving waters. Infiltration practices and the use of blue green infrastructure, also called Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), can limit, and, in some cases, reverse the effects of urbanization. However, adequate infiltration capacity is an essential parameter for the successful implementation. In this paper, a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based hydrology analysis for SUDS placements is coupled with field measurements using Modified Phillip Dunne infiltrometer tests. The case study area is the expansion of the campus at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) over the next decade. Infiltration in urban soils can be highly heterogenous over short distances. When comparing measured infiltration rates with physical characteristics of the soils showed that the physical characteristics are not a good indication of the infiltration potential in urban soils with a large degree of compaction. The results showed that measuring the infiltration potential combined with flow path analysis can greatly enhance the benefits of blue green infrastructure, with an up to 70% difference in area required for SUDS solutions for managing 90% of the annual precipitation.

ACS Style

Tone M. Muthanna; Edvard Sivertsen; Dennis Kliewer; Lensa Jotta. Coupling Field Observations and Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Analysis for Improved Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) Performance. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4683 .

AMA Style

Tone M. Muthanna, Edvard Sivertsen, Dennis Kliewer, Lensa Jotta. Coupling Field Observations and Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Analysis for Improved Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) Performance. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4683.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tone M. Muthanna; Edvard Sivertsen; Dennis Kliewer; Lensa Jotta. 2018. "Coupling Field Observations and Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Analysis for Improved Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) Performance." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4683.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2018 in Membranes
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Osmotic power extracted from the mixing of freshwater with seawater is a renewable energy resource that has gained increasing attention during recent years. The estimated energy can significantly contribute to the production of power worldwide. However, this power production will be subject to variation due to both local conditions and seasonal variation. The present paper explores the effect of concentration and temperature on water and salt fluxes in osmosis at zero transmembrane pressure for five different membranes. Further, the measured fluxes have been utilized to model water and salt permeabilities (A and B), and the structure parameter (S). The observed flux variations at different combinations of concentration and temperature have been ascribed to skin properties, i.e., changes in A and B of each membrane, whereas S was assumed constant within the range of concentrations and temperatures that were tested. Simplified equations for the variation in A and B with temperature and concentration have been developed, which enable A and B to be calculated at any concentration and temperature based on permeabilities determined from osmotic experiments at standard test conditions. The equations can be used to predict fluxes and specific power production with respect to geographical and seasonal variations in concentration and temperature for river water/seawater pressure-retarded osmosis. The obtained results are also useful for forward osmosis processes using seawater as draw solution.

ACS Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Torleif Holt; Willy R. Thelin. Concentration and Temperature Effects on Water and Salt Permeabilities in Osmosis and Implications in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis. Membranes 2018, 8, 39 .

AMA Style

Edvard Sivertsen, Torleif Holt, Willy R. Thelin. Concentration and Temperature Effects on Water and Salt Permeabilities in Osmosis and Implications in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis. Membranes. 2018; 8 (3):39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Torleif Holt; Willy R. Thelin. 2018. "Concentration and Temperature Effects on Water and Salt Permeabilities in Osmosis and Implications in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis." Membranes 8, no. 3: 39.

Book chapter
Published: 28 March 2018 in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes - Approach, Development and Current Status
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Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) can be used to exploit the mixing energy e.g. between river water and sea water. A PRO membrane must be highly permeable for water, whereas salt ions should be retained. Furthermore, the structure parameter of the membrane support and backing structure must be low. This paper summarises an assessment of the pressure dependency of the structure parameter for flat sheet membranes, and a transport model for PRO and procedures for determination of the pressure dependency of the structure parameter are presented. The results from laboratory experiments show that that the structure parameter increases significantly with increasing trans-membrane pressure. The increase in the structure parameter was observed to depend on both characteristics of the membrane and the fresh water spacer. Using a finely textured tricot spacer reduced the pressure dependency on the structure parameter, compared to a coarser spacer. Applying a non-woven backing material between the membrane and the fresh water spacer also reduced the impact of pressure. The results show that membranes suitable for river water/sea water PRO must have a sufficiently low structure parameter and additionally resist severe deformation at relevant operating pressures.

ACS Style

Torleif Holt; Edvard Sivertsen; Willy R. Thelin; Geir Brekke. Pressure Dependency of the Membrane Structure Parameter and Implications in Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO). Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes - Approach, Development and Current Status 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Torleif Holt, Edvard Sivertsen, Willy R. Thelin, Geir Brekke. Pressure Dependency of the Membrane Structure Parameter and Implications in Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO). Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes - Approach, Development and Current Status. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Torleif Holt; Edvard Sivertsen; Willy R. Thelin; Geir Brekke. 2018. "Pressure Dependency of the Membrane Structure Parameter and Implications in Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO)." Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes - Approach, Development and Current Status , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2013 in Desalination
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ACS Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Torleif Holt; Willy Thelin; Geir Brekke. Pressure retarded osmosis efficiency for different hollow fibre membrane module flow configurations. Desalination 2013, 312, 107 -123.

AMA Style

Edvard Sivertsen, Torleif Holt, Willy Thelin, Geir Brekke. Pressure retarded osmosis efficiency for different hollow fibre membrane module flow configurations. Desalination. 2013; 312 ():107-123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Torleif Holt; Willy Thelin; Geir Brekke. 2013. "Pressure retarded osmosis efficiency for different hollow fibre membrane module flow configurations." Desalination 312, no. : 107-123.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2012 in Journal of Membrane Science
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ACS Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Torleif Holt; Willy R Thelin; Geir Brekke. Modelling mass transport in hollow fibre membranes used for pressure retarded osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science 2012, 417-418, 69 -79.

AMA Style

Edvard Sivertsen, Torleif Holt, Willy R Thelin, Geir Brekke. Modelling mass transport in hollow fibre membranes used for pressure retarded osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science. 2012; 417-418 ():69-79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edvard Sivertsen; Torleif Holt; Willy R Thelin; Geir Brekke. 2012. "Modelling mass transport in hollow fibre membranes used for pressure retarded osmosis." Journal of Membrane Science 417-418, no. : 69-79.