Digitalization has been bringing about various changes and innovations not only in our daily life but also in our business environment. In the manufacturing industry, robots have been used for automation for a long time, resulting in innovation in terms of the faster operation process and higher product quality. Robotics Process Automation (RPA) can be said to have brought this innovation in the productivity improvement of many industries into the business office. The purpose of this study is to improve business productivity by applying RPA named CoPA. It is based on Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) and Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) coupled with MS Office. CoPA has been replaced to perform the repetitive patterned tasks (especially document work) done by many people in an office. For the applications of business productivity, CoPA has been implemented to revise five government project proposals requiring quite strict writing standards. The improvement of business productivity obtained by CoPA has been compared to the performance of 10 employees who are familiar with MS Office. The paper explains the method of CoPA coupled with MS Office as well as the agile method of human collaboration. It is clearly shown that CoPA as a business RPA can improve business productivity in terms of time consumption and document quality.

Wearable robots are increasingly being deployed for use in industrial fields. However, only a few studies have focused on the usability of wearable robots. The present study evaluated the factors affecting the usability of a harness in securing a wearable robot to the body because the harness directly affects the work efficiency, and thus its design and use require careful consideration. A comparative evaluation of the arrangement of the Vest Exoskeleton before and after improvements was conducted, in which participants performed a benchmark assembly task while wearing the robot. Results showed that wearability decreased after the improvements due to the additional straps and buckles used, but the overall wearing satisfaction improved as a result of increased stability. Stability and convenience were the main factors affecting the overall wearing satisfaction, while sub-indicators included wearing comfort and tactile sensation. Therefore, improvements in stability, such as those related to fixation strength and tactile sensation, had a direct positive impact on the overall wearing satisfaction.

This study presents an integrated evaluation framework for textile-based electrical muscle stimulation smartwear electrodes, combining physiological and user-centered assessments to ensure comprehensive performance analysis. Four electrode types—lock stitch, knit, hot stamping, and moss stitch—were examined using a systematic five-step process with nine participants. Quantitative measurements were obtained using electromyography to determine maximum voluntary contraction and tensiomyography to assess muscle contraction velocity. The knit electrode demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in maximum voluntary contraction following stimulation (W = 2.0, p = 0.012, Cohen’s d = 0.58), indicating effective neuromuscular activation and fatigue induction. The moss stitch electrode also showed a notable trend toward reduced muscle activation (W = 6.0, p = 0.055, d = 0.37). In contrast, the lock stitch and hot stamping electrodes exhibited negligible changes. User experience surveys revealed overall high acceptance across all electrode types (4.0–4.5 of mean scores on a 5-point scale), with the moss stitch electrode receiving the highest ratings for perceived safety and minimal skin discomfort, while the hot stamping electrode scored lowest in breathability. The proposed framework enables balanced evaluation of both functional performance and user experience, offering practical design guidance for optimizing textile electrodes across applications ranging from high-intensity athletic training to low-intensity rehabilitation.