Increasing demand in the transportation sector is closely related to the level of meeting passengers' demands. For this reason, many studies are being carried out in many parts of the world, especially in European and Far Eastern countries, aiming to determine the factors that affect passengers' choice of transportation mode. The aim of this study is to determine the main and sub factors affecting the choice of transportation mode for domestic airline passengers traveling in Türkiye. Within the scope of the study, a face-to-face survey was conducted to 407 passengers at Sabiha Gökçen Airport. Then, exploratory factor analysis was performed with the obtained data. Three main factors that emerged as a result of the analysis were named "Trip Factor", "Transportation Mode Factor" and "Safety and Comfort Factor", taking into account the literature review, expert opinions and the characteristics of the items. While on-time departure / punctuality, total travel time and travel at the requested time are the variables that have the highest impact on the choice of transportation mode. Previous accidents/incidents, transportation cost to airport/station and entertainment service in the cabin/wagon emerged as the variables with the lowest impact.

The tourism sector is directly linked to air transportation, with air travel accounting for a large share of global travel demand. However, air transportation increases environmental impacts and poses a significant threat to sustainability due to its high carbon emissions. In this context, the relationship between tourism and air transportation is a critical area that requires the development of policies and practices to reduce the carbon footprint. This study investigates the dynamic link among tourism, air transportation and CO2 emissions for the period 1995-2019 in 10 Mediterranean countries. To investigate the relationship between our variables, autoregressive distributed lag approach is used. According to ARDL long run estimations, it is stated that the increase air transportation increases the CO2 emissions. Similar to air transportation, increase in tourism and economic growth results in an increase in CO2 emissions. Finally, causality test of Dumitrescu and Hurlin is applied. Causality results stated 2 causalities between variables. There are unidirectional causalities from CO2 emissions to air transportation and from tourism to CO2 emissions. Also, policy and further research implications are discussed regard to selected countries.

Although the aviation industry contributes to economic growth and employment, it also has environmental problems. These main problems are terrestrial waste, water, and noise pollution. For this reason, airports are trying to create an environmentally friendly structure with the influence of various internal and external stakeholders and to reduce the negative environmental effects of operations at airports. Studies in the literature show that many countries have researched the environmental management systems of airports and offered solutions for developing airport environmental management. Considering the environmental impact, this study examined the current environmental management practices of Istanbul Airport through document review and semi-structured interviews. As a result of the descriptive analysis and benchmarking method, compliance levels of these practices carried out and planned are in line with the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals (articles 6.3.1, 6.4.1, 6.b.1, 12.5.1, 13.3.2, 14.1, 15.2). .1, 15.3.1, and 15.b.1) have been determined. Results indicate that Article 6.3.1., Article 6.4.1., Article 12.5.1., Article 13.3.2., Article 14.1 and Article 15.2.1. are in high-level compliance with sustainability development sub-goals. Article 15.b.1. is in medium-level compliance, and Article 15.3.1. is in low-level compliance with sustainability development sub-goals. Since it has not carried out any work within Article 6.b.1, it has been determined that it does not comply with related goals.

This study aims to investigate the effect of air transportation, tourism, and economic growth on environmental pollution. The impact of tourism, economic growth, air transportation, and carbon emissions (as a surrogate for air pollution) on ten Balkan nations from 1995 to 2020 is investigated in this study. Long-term panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) projections reveal that CO2 emissions are affected by 0.22%, 0.32%, and -0.34% for every 1% increase in air transportation, economic growth, and tourism. Granger causality analysis identifies four significant causal pathways: (1) a unilateral relationship between CO2 emissions and air transportation; (2) a unilateral relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth; (3) a unilateral relationship between tourism and air transportation; and (4) a unilateral relationship between economic growth and tourism. These findings shape climate policy in the countries investigated and affect people worldwide. Policymakers should incentivize eco-friendly housing and litter-free tourists to reduce tourism's environmental impact. Infrastructure expenditures should also prioritize low-carbon aviation and renewable energy. Strategic economic planning requires that growth and decarbonization targets match. Renewable energy and circular economic ideas will promote green growth. These initiatives may balance prosperity and environmental protection, putting the Balkans and other regions on the path to strong, low-carbon economies.