Object detection is a critical component in the development of autonomous driving technology and has demonstrated significant growth potential. To address the limitations of current techniques, this paper presents an improved object detection method for autonomous driving based on a detection transformer (DETR). First, we introduce a multi-scale feature and location information extraction method, which solves the inadequacy of the model for multi-scale object localization and detection. In addition, we developed a transformer encoder based on the group axial attention mechanism. This allows for efficient attention range control in the horizontal and vertical directions while reducing computation, ultimately enhancing the inference speed. Furthermore, we propose a novel dynamic hyperparameter tuning training method based on Pareto efficiency, which coordinates the training state of the loss functions through dynamic weights, overcoming issues associated with manually setting fixed weights and enhancing model convergence speed and accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses others, with improvements of 3.3%, 4.5%, and 3% in average precision on the COCO, PASCAL VOC, and KITTI datasets, respectively, and an 84% increase in FPS.

The evolution of electronic technology has intensified the demand for lithium-ion batteries to achieve elevated energy density, prolonged cycling longevity, and enhanced safety. Traditional graphite anodes are inadequate in meeting these requirements. α-Fe₂O₃ possesses a high theoretical capacity and is abundantly available; however, its poor conductivity and significant volume expansion during charge–discharge cycles restrict its practical applicability. This study addresses these issues by developing a three-layer cooperative structural anode material composed of foam nickel (NF), α-Fe₂O₃, and polypyrrole (PPY). Employing a hydrothermal method, α-Fe₂O₃ nanowires were in-situ grown on the 3D framework of foam nickel, followed by electro-polymerization to achieve a dense PPY coating. The foam nickel offers a highly conductive scaffold and mechanical support, while PPY enhances conductivity, provides structural buffering, and facilitates in-situ nitrogen doping. Collectively, these components synergistically improve conductivity, mitigate volume expansion, and optimize the solid electrolyte interphase. This composite material demonstrates comprehensive enhancements in conductivity, structural stability, and interface compatibility, as evidenced by the well-preserved structural integrity after prolonged cycling, thereby overcoming the performance limitations associated with singular α-Fe₂O₃ and simplistic composite systems, and presenting novel insights and technical support for the advancement of high-energy-density lithium-ion battery anodes.