This study aimed to assess dentin radiodensity, the bond strength of various root canal sealers, and the elemental distribution at the dentin–sealer interface in both healthy and diabetic teeth. Ninety-six extracted teeth from diabetic and healthy individuals were included. Radiodensity of root dentin was measured using cone beam computed tomography and quantified via Hounsfield Unit (HU) values. Samples were divided into six groups: diabetic or healthy teeth treated with one of three sealers (Total Fill BC Sealer Hi Flow, BioRoot RCS, or AH Plus). Root canal treatment was applied to all teeth. A 1-mm-thick mid-root section was obtained from each sample. Push-out bond strength testing was conducted on half of the samples to measure adhesion (in MPa), while the other half were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to examine the elemental composition at the dentin–sealer interface. Although HU values were found to be lower in diabetic teeth, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Push-out tests revealed significantly lower bond strength in diabetic teeth compared to healthy ones (p < 0.05). However, the choice of root canal sealer did not significantly influence bond strength (p > 0.05). SEM-EDS results indicated that the elemental composition of the interfacial layer was influenced more by the sealer type than by diabetic status. Diabetes did not significantly affect dentin radiodensity, but it was associated with lower bond strength between dentin and sealers.The chemical composition of the root canal sealer plays a key role in interfacial interactions, influencing the elemental characteristics of the bonding interface.

To develop and validate a deep-learning detection model (Mask R-CNN) and a complementary radiomics-based machine-learning analysis for peri-implantitis det

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices using 18 imaging modalities in detecting root fractures—vertical, horizontal, and oblique—in teeth with intracanal post systems. Materials and methods: Ninety-six were extracted; single-rooted mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and restored with Bundle, Reforpost, or Splendor Single Adjustable posts. Controlled fractures of different types were induced using a universal testing machine. Each tooth was scanned with NewTom 7G and NewTom Go (Quantitative Radiology, Verona, Italy) under nine imaging protocols per device; varying in dose and voxel size, yielding 1728 CBCT images. Three observers (a professor of endodontics; a specialist; and a postgraduate student in endodontics) independently evaluated the images. Results: Observers demonstrated almost perfect agreement (κ ≥ 0.81) with the gold standard in fracture detection using NewTom 7G. No significant differences were found in sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy across voxel size and dose parameters for both devices in detecting fracture presence (p > 0.05). Similarly, both devices displayed comparable performance in identifying horizontal and oblique fractures (p > 0.05). However, in NewTom Go, regular and low doses with different voxel sizes showed reduced sensitivity and accuracy in detecting vertical fractures across all post systems (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: NewTom 7G, with its advanced detector system and smaller voxel sizes, provides superior diagnostic accuracy for root fractures. In contrast, NewTom Go displays reduced sensitivity for vertical fractures at lower settings. Clinical relevance: CBCT device selection and imaging protocols significantly affect the diagnosis of vertical root fractures.

The mental foramen (MF) is a critical anatomical landmark in dental and maxillofacial procedures. Accurate localization is essential to avoid nerve injury. While orthopantomography (OPG) is commonly used, it has limitations due to its two-dimensional nature and susceptibility to artifacts. Ultrasonography (USG), which offers real-time imaging without ionizing radiation, has emerged as a promising alternative. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of OPG and USG in identifying the MF and measuring its distance to the mandibular bone. A total of 120 patients (60 males, 60 females), aged 18 and older, were included in the study. A total of 240 mental foramina were evaluated. Vertical measurements were taken from the superior border of the MF to the alveolar crest and from the inferior border to the inferior cortical border of the mandible. Ultrasonographic imaging was performed using an extraoral probe in a longitudinal position. OPGs were acquired using standard protocols, and calibration was achieved by attaching orthodontic wires to the second premolars. All measurements were taken on calibrated digital images using dedicated measurement software. Statistical analysis included paired samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and Pearson correlation. Significant differences were found between the two methods in all regions (p < 0.05), with OPG yielding higher distance values than USG. MF–mandibular bone distances were significantly greater in males than in females (p < 0.01). OPG showed significantly greater inferior distances in participants aged 40 years and older, while USG revealed no significant age-related differences. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.801–0.911) and high intra-observer reliability (r = 0.982–0.996) were observed between the methods. This study demonstrates that USG is a reliable, non-invasive alternative to OPG for locating the mental foramen. Both methods showed a strong correlation (r = 0.801–0.911), with USG minimizing radiation exposure. OPG yielded higher distance values (14.42 mm right, 14.27 mm left) compared to USG (14.12 mm right, 14.03 mm left) (p < 0.05). MF–mandibular bone distances were significantly greater in males than females (p < 0.01). USG is a valuable complementary tool in clinical practice. Not applicable. This study did not involve a health care intervention and was not a clinical trial.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of periapical X‐ray angulation on the diagnostic accuracy of detecting vertical misfits at the implant–abutment interface using Medentika Microcone dental implants (4.0 mm diameter, 11 mm length; internal conical connection). Materials and Methods: Standardized abutment–implant assemblies were tested using four polyvinyl chloride (PVC) spacer thicknesses (50, 100, 150, and 200 µm) and 0 thickness as a control group. For each thickness group, 13 digital radiographs were taken at angles ranging from 0° to ±30° in 5° increments. Vertical discrepancies were measured using calibrated CS Imaging Software. Each image was measured seven times for consistency by the same experienced radiology resident. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro‐Wilk test for normality, followed by Kruskal‐Wallis and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. Results: Measurements across all PVC thickness groups demonstrated statistically significant differences ( p < 0.05). In the 0‐µm group, minimal variability was observed across angulations except at +20° to +25° and −20° to −25°. The 50‐µm and 100‐µm groups showed significant reductions in vertical misfit between +15° to +20° and −15° to −20°. The 150‐µm and 200‐µm groups exhibited increased detectability, with significant differences in both positive and negative directions as the projection angle increased, specifically between +20° and +25° for the 150‐µm group and between +25° to +30° for the 200‐µm group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, diagnostic performance varied with projection angulation and misfit magnitude. For the tested configurations, certain angulations (approximately 15°–25°) showed higher diagnostic performance metrics; however, these findings should not be interpreted as a clinical recommendation and require validation under clinical conditions.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate root canal fillings performed by undergraduate students using different methods with three-dimensional analysis.Methods: Sixty resin-based maxillary central incisors were prepared and randomly assigned to six groups (n=10) according to sealer type (AH Plus/BioRoot RCS/Dia-Root Bio Sealer) and obturation technique (Cold lateral condensation/single cone). Ten senior undergraduate dental students performed one obturation for each combination after training. All samples were scanned with cone-beam computed tomography pre- and post-obturation (CBCT). Mimics medical software was used to calculate pre-obturation canal volume and post-obturation filling volume. The percentage of the obturated volume (POV) was calculated for all samples. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=0.05).Results: The type of sealer had a significant effect on POV (p < 0.001), whereas the obturation technique alone was not significant (p = 0.247). AH Plus showed significantly higher POV values compared to both BioRoot RCS and Dia-Root Bio Sealer (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between BioRoot RCS and Dia-Root Bio Sealer. However, a significant interaction was found between the type of sealer and the obturation technique (p = 0.008). Dia-Root Bio Sealer achieved higher POV when used with the single-cone technique compared to cold lateral condensation (p = 0.033).Conclusion: AH Plus demonstrated high filling percentages when applied with both SC and CLC techniques in root canal fillings performed by undergraduate students. The lower filling percentages observed with BioRoot RCS and DiaRoot Bio Sealer highlight the need for enhanced training and supervision during the educational process.