The working length determination is necessary before root canal shaping, chemical cleaning, disinfection, and obturation in pulpectomy of primary dentition. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Wirele-X and compare it with DentaPort ZX and Woodpex III in primary molar teeth. The in vitro study was performed by using 30 extracted primary mandibular molar teeth. In distal roots, the actual working length was determined by taking forward a #10 K-type canal file under a dental operating microscope with 10x magnification. Each tooth and lip clip were embedded in alginate before determining the working lengths using electronic apex locators. The average of three electronic working lengths was calculated for each sample, and the actual working length was subtracted from the electronic working length. There were no significant differences in the accuracy rate of DentaPort ZX, Wirele-X, and Woodpex III in the determination of the working length set at ± 0.5 mm and ± 1 mm, respectively (P > 0.05). This study reported that DentaPort ZX, Wirele-X, and Woodpex III can be safely used in the pulpectomy of primary molars. Wirele-X can provide an advantage in working length determination in children because of its wireless feature.

This study aimed to assess dentin radiodensity, the bond strength of various root canal sealers, and the elemental distribution at the dentin–sealer interface in both healthy and diabetic teeth. Ninety-six extracted teeth from diabetic and healthy individuals were included. Radiodensity of root dentin was measured using cone beam computed tomography and quantified via Hounsfield Unit (HU) values. Samples were divided into six groups: diabetic or healthy teeth treated with one of three sealers (Total Fill BC Sealer Hi Flow, BioRoot RCS, or AH Plus). Root canal treatment was applied to all teeth. A 1-mm-thick mid-root section was obtained from each sample. Push-out bond strength testing was conducted on half of the samples to measure adhesion (in MPa), while the other half were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to examine the elemental composition at the dentin–sealer interface. Although HU values were found to be lower in diabetic teeth, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Push-out tests revealed significantly lower bond strength in diabetic teeth compared to healthy ones (p < 0.05). However, the choice of root canal sealer did not significantly influence bond strength (p > 0.05). SEM-EDS results indicated that the elemental composition of the interfacial layer was influenced more by the sealer type than by diabetic status. Diabetes did not significantly affect dentin radiodensity, but it was associated with lower bond strength between dentin and sealers.The chemical composition of the root canal sealer plays a key role in interfacial interactions, influencing the elemental characteristics of the bonding interface.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices using 18 imaging modalities in detecting root fractures—vertical, horizontal, and oblique—in teeth with intracanal post systems. Materials and methods: Ninety-six were extracted; single-rooted mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and restored with Bundle, Reforpost, or Splendor Single Adjustable posts. Controlled fractures of different types were induced using a universal testing machine. Each tooth was scanned with NewTom 7G and NewTom Go (Quantitative Radiology, Verona, Italy) under nine imaging protocols per device; varying in dose and voxel size, yielding 1728 CBCT images. Three observers (a professor of endodontics; a specialist; and a postgraduate student in endodontics) independently evaluated the images. Results: Observers demonstrated almost perfect agreement (κ ≥ 0.81) with the gold standard in fracture detection using NewTom 7G. No significant differences were found in sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy across voxel size and dose parameters for both devices in detecting fracture presence (p > 0.05). Similarly, both devices displayed comparable performance in identifying horizontal and oblique fractures (p > 0.05). However, in NewTom Go, regular and low doses with different voxel sizes showed reduced sensitivity and accuracy in detecting vertical fractures across all post systems (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: NewTom 7G, with its advanced detector system and smaller voxel sizes, provides superior diagnostic accuracy for root fractures. In contrast, NewTom Go displays reduced sensitivity for vertical fractures at lower settings. Clinical relevance: CBCT device selection and imaging protocols significantly affect the diagnosis of vertical root fractures.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the flow characteristics and wall shear stress (WSS) generated by the XP-Endo Finisher, sonic, and ultrasonic activation systems using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.Methods: A three-dimensional model of a resin-based prepared mandibular premolar was generated from a high-resolution micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scan and used for CFD analysis of different irrigation activation systems. Following image segmentation and stereolithography (STL) reconstruction, high-quality tetrahedral meshes with inflation layers were generated and imported into ANSYS Fluent. Irrigant flow during needle irrigation was simulated under steady-state laminar conditions. For the sonic, ultrasonic, and mechanical activation systems, dynamic mesh techniques and user-defined functions were employed to model device-specific oscillatory tip motions based on their respective frequencies and amplitudes. Deterministic CFD outputs, including velocity magnitude and WSS, were compared descriptively among the activation systems.Results: The highest intracanal flow velocity was observed with the EDDY system, followed by ultrasonic activation, EndoActivator, XP-Endo Finisher, and side-vented needle irrigation. A similar trend was observed for maximum WSS, with the EDDY system producing the highest values. Ultrasonic activation ranked second, while EndoActivator, XP-Endo Finisher, and side-vented needle generated progressively lower WSS values.Conclusion: All activation techniques demonstrated improved flow dynamics compared to conventional side-vented needle irrigation.

Aim: A successful outcome of root canal treatment is contingent upon establishing a three-dimensional seal that encompasses the obturation of lateral and accessory canals. This study investigated the impact of different activation strategies and obturation techniques on the depth of sealer penetration in simulated lateral canals. Materials and Method: 3D-printed resin-based 120 maxillary central tooth models with standardized lateral canals at the middle level of the root. The prepared canals were categorized into twelve groups, including 10 samples in each group. AH Plus sealer was placed into the canals. EDDY, EndoActivator, and passive ultrasonic activation were applied to experimental groups, and one group did not undergo activation. Then, canals were filled with single cone, warm vertical compaction, and cold lateral compaction techniques. Periapical radiographs were taken using the parallel technique. Penetration depths were measured in ImageJ software. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results: The post-hoc comparisons revealed that all activation techniques resulted in significantly deeper penetration compared to the control group. The ultrasonic activation demonstrated significantly greater penetration compared to the EndoActivator and EDDY groups (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the EndoActivator and EDDY groups. It was observed no significant differences among the three canal filling techniques (p > 0.05). Conclusion: While the filling technique did not affect sealer penetration, sealer activation resulted in significantly increased penetration into lateral canals.