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In order to predict concentrations in green plants from kinetic data as well as from mobile soil fractions from geogenically enriched areas, soils from historic mining and smelting sites in Styria (Austria) were used to grow lettuce in pot experiments. Lettuce is known for high accumulation of Ni and Cd in the shoots as well, but in our case, uptakes remained low. Addition of a mixed metal salt solution resulted in high Ni concentrations in the plants, contrary to Cd and Pb. Effects of mineral fertilizers and metal salt additions upon plant metal uptake and N resp C/N shifts were monitored and combined with results from batch-extraction as well as with release rates and released amounts obtained by a modified EUF (electro-ultra-filtration) method.
The release obtained by EUF in 0,002M DTPA was modelled by linear, logarithmic, parabolic (√) and quadratic dependence versus time, from original as well as from cumulated datasets. As expected, addition of soluble salts increased the release, whereas addition of PK fertilizer lowered the release of the metals from soil. Thus, food contamination hazards can be lowered by adequate agricultural activities. Plant uptake by nickel got clearly enhanced by metal salt additions, whereas effects of added cadmium and lead were lower. Correlations between plant uptake and release rates resp. released amounts were in the same range, whatever model was used.
Manfred Sager; Anto Jelecevic; Peter Liebhard. Modelling plant uptake of Cd, Ni and Pb from mobile fractions and release rates obtained by the EUF-method. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleManfred Sager, Anto Jelecevic, Peter Liebhard. Modelling plant uptake of Cd, Ni and Pb from mobile fractions and release rates obtained by the EUF-method. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager; Anto Jelecevic; Peter Liebhard. 2021. "Modelling plant uptake of Cd, Ni and Pb from mobile fractions and release rates obtained by the EUF-method." , no. : 1.
The concept of closed ecological cycles has a high priority in organic farming. As the larvae of the black soldier fly are able to utilize organic residues and convert them into high-quality protein and fat, the larvae could play a role in recycling local organic residues into feed for fish, poultry and pigs and partially replace imported protein feeds. In this work, a wide range of residues was tested as feed components for black soldier fly larvae.
Total C and S of feed substrates and larvae were determined by CNS analyzer. Crude protein/Ntot was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method; crude fat after acid digestion. For the analysis of Ptot and other elements the samples were digested by dry ashing, dissolved in dilute HCl and measured by ICP-OES.
The yield of larval dry matter ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 kg per kg feed dry matter (DM). The highest larval DM was obtained with substrates of bread residues and wheat bran and of distiller's grain solubles (DDGS) and pasta residues. The lowest larval DM and the lowest yield of larval protein were obtained when feeding with substrates containing beet pulp or potatoes.
Crude protein contents of the larvae ranged from 33% to 52% DM, the maximum values almost equalling soybean extraction meal, but still below fish meal. High crude protein contents in the feed did not always correlate with high larval contents. The yield of larval protein was 0.105 kg per kg feed DM at maximum, with a substrate containing rapeseed extraction meal and pasta residues. Substrates of brewer's grains and pasta residues and of DDGS and pasta residues yielded 0.101 kg kg-1 and 0.98 kg kg-1, respectively.
Larval crude fat contents ranged between 18% and 38% DM. Of the feed substrates with high DM and protein yields, only that of rapeseed extraction meal and pasta residues achieved a crude protein/crude fat ratio >2.
Phosphorus contents of the larvae were 6.9 - 11.5 g kg-1 DM, sulfur contents 3.3 - 6.1 g kg-1. Highest P and S contents were found in larvae fattened on substrates with particularly high P and S contents, such as of corn steep liquor and wheat bran, or of rapeseed extraction meal with maize or pasta residues.
Calcium was enriched in the larvae. With the exception of larvae from Ca-rich feed substrates such as rapeseed extraction meal or beet pulp, which had Ca contents of 20 and 30 g kg-1 DM, respectively, the Ca contents of the larvae were in the range of soybean extraction meal, 3.4 to 10.5 g kg-1 DM.
Cu contents ranged from 5.7 to 13.9 mg kg-1 DM, with the exception of larvae fed with brewer's grains, which had 24.7 mg kg-1 Cu.
The results show that crude protein and crude fat content of the larvae vary greatly with different feed substrates. In addition to these quality characteristics, the substrate also influences the contents of other nutrients such as P, Ca, Cu, etc. This knowledge can be used specifically in different applications of the larvae in feed production.
Eva Erhart; Marion Bonell; Manfred Sager; Kim Hissek; Dieter Haas; Wilfried Hartl. Recycling of organic residues by black soldier fly larvae - influence of substrate on larval composition. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleEva Erhart, Marion Bonell, Manfred Sager, Kim Hissek, Dieter Haas, Wilfried Hartl. Recycling of organic residues by black soldier fly larvae - influence of substrate on larval composition. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Erhart; Marion Bonell; Manfred Sager; Kim Hissek; Dieter Haas; Wilfried Hartl. 2021. "Recycling of organic residues by black soldier fly larvae - influence of substrate on larval composition." , no. : 1.
Urban soils have been changed much by human impacts in terms of structure, composition and use. This review paper gives a general introduction into changes from compaction, mixing, water retention, nutrient inputs, sealing, gardening, and pollution. Because pollutions in particular have caused concerns in the past, metal pollutions and platinum group metal inputs have been treated in more detail. Though it is not possible to cover the entire literature done on this field, it has been tried to give examples from all continents, regarding geochemical background levels. Urban metal soil pollution depends on the age of the settlement, current emissions from traffic and industry, and washout. It seems that in regions of high precipitation, pollutants are swept away to the watershed, leaving the soils less polluted than in Europe. Health hazards, however, are caused by ingestion and inhalation, which are higher in 3rd world countries, and not by concentrations met in urban soils as such; these are not treated within this paper in detail. With respect to pollutants, this paper is focused on metals. Contrary to many reviews of the past, which mix all data into one column, like sampling depth, sieved grain sizes, digestion and determination methods, these have been considered, because this might lead to considerable interpretation changes. Because many datasets are not Gaussian distributed, medians and concentration ranges are given, wherever possible. Urban dust contains about two to three fold the hazardous metal concentrations met in urban soils. Some data about metal mobilities obtained from selective and sequential leaching procedures, are also added. Soil compaction, pollution, sealings and run-offs cause stress situations for green plants growing at roadside locations, which is discussed in the Section 5. Environmental protection measures have led to decrease metal pollutions within the last decade in many places.
Manfred Sager. Urban Soils and Road Dust—Civilization Effects and Metal Pollution—A Review. Environments 2020, 7, 98 .
AMA StyleManfred Sager. Urban Soils and Road Dust—Civilization Effects and Metal Pollution—A Review. Environments. 2020; 7 (11):98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager. 2020. "Urban Soils and Road Dust—Civilization Effects and Metal Pollution—A Review." Environments 7, no. 11: 98.
Manfred Sager. Major Minerals and Trace Elements in Different Honeys. Bee World 2020, 97, 70 -74.
AMA StyleManfred Sager. Major Minerals and Trace Elements in Different Honeys. Bee World. 2020; 97 (3):70-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager. 2020. "Major Minerals and Trace Elements in Different Honeys." Bee World 97, no. 3: 70-74.
Because the abundances of rare earth elements are strongly intercorrelated, lacking data can be estimated from adjacent element concentrations. Because Ce can be oxidized to Ce(IV) and Eu can be reduced to Eu(II), deviations from the calculated values have been defined as positive or negative anomalies. The anomalies permit conclusions of mineral weathering, transportation and adsorption.
Anomalies detected in soils did not cause respective anomalies in apple leaves, blossom leaves nor fruits, which prevents conclusions of geographical origin. In the apple plants, Ce showed negative anomalies throughout, particularly in the blossom leaves. To the contrary, Eu showed positive anomalies throughout, particularly in the green leaves, which suggests uptake similar to Ca.
In green leaves (apples) growing in the temperate climatic zone, concentrations of rare earth elements increase with age, like for other elements of low physiological interaction also, whereas nutritional and essential trace elements remain constant or decrease.
Manfred Sager. Rare Earth Elements – Environmental occurrence and mobilities. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleManfred Sager. Rare Earth Elements – Environmental occurrence and mobilities. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager. 2020. "Rare Earth Elements – Environmental occurrence and mobilities." , no. : 1.
Manfred SAGER - METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT MOBILITY, BIOACCESSIBILITY, AND CONTAMINATION, Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, February 2020, Vol. 15, No. 1, p. 47 - 70; DOI:10.26471/cjees/2020/015/109
Manfred Sager. METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT MOBILITY, BIOACCESSIBILITY, AND CONTAMINATION. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 2020, 15, 47 -70.
AMA StyleManfred Sager. METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT MOBILITY, BIOACCESSIBILITY, AND CONTAMINATION. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences. 2020; 15 (1):47-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager. 2020. "METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT MOBILITY, BIOACCESSIBILITY, AND CONTAMINATION." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 15, no. 1: 47-70.
At an alpine grassland cambisol, one site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 tons/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0–20 cm and 20–60 cm layers thereof. The particular goal was to monitor losses of nutrients to deeper soil layers or aquifers from biogas residues deposited on site. Residual slurry after biogas production or equivalent amount of water were added on top of the model columns, followed by gradual elution with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm). Long-term sludge treatment changed organic carbon, soil nutrients as well as Ba, Cu, Pb, and Zn significantly, resulting in different vertical migration and elution of applied substances. Differences between the mobilities of P, Fe, S, Cu, B, as well as nitrate and ammonia losses were much more affected by the long-term sludge pretreatment than by the characteristics of the biogas residue or just de-ionized water applied on top of the columns. Largest differences between biogas residue addition and water only were noticed for zinc and ammonia. The addition of iron salts in order to increase sulfide precipitation, had measurable but low effects.
M. Sager. Vertical nutrient and trace element migration in cambisols after application of residues from anaerobic digestion of manure. SOIL Discussions 2016, 2016, 1 -35.
AMA StyleM. Sager. Vertical nutrient and trace element migration in cambisols after application of residues from anaerobic digestion of manure. SOIL Discussions. 2016; 2016 ():1-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sager. 2016. "Vertical nutrient and trace element migration in cambisols after application of residues from anaerobic digestion of manure." SOIL Discussions 2016, no. : 1-35.
In Austria, iodine deficiency has been considered to be eliminated owing to table salt fortification with iodine, but whether this also applies to pregnant women is unclear. Even mild iodine deficiency during gestation may lead to neurocognitive sequelae in the offspring.
H Lindorfer; M Krebs; A Kautzky-Willer; D Bancher-Todesca; Manfred Sager; A Gessl. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Austria. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2014, 69, 349 -354.
AMA StyleH Lindorfer, M Krebs, A Kautzky-Willer, D Bancher-Todesca, Manfred Sager, A Gessl. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Austria. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 69 (3):349-354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH Lindorfer; M Krebs; A Kautzky-Willer; D Bancher-Todesca; Manfred Sager; A Gessl. 2014. "Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Austria." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 3: 349-354.
Iris Irschik; Claudia Wanek; Friedrich Bauer; Manfred Sager; Peter Paulsen. 31. Composition of bullets used for hunting and food safety considerations. Trends in game meat hygiene 2014, 363 -370.
AMA StyleIris Irschik, Claudia Wanek, Friedrich Bauer, Manfred Sager, Peter Paulsen. 31. Composition of bullets used for hunting and food safety considerations. Trends in game meat hygiene. 2014; ():363-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Irschik; Claudia Wanek; Friedrich Bauer; Manfred Sager; Peter Paulsen. 2014. "31. Composition of bullets used for hunting and food safety considerations." Trends in game meat hygiene , no. : 363-370.
Roadside dusts were studied to explain the spatial variation and present levels of contaminant elements including Pt, Pd and Ir in urban environment and around Budapest (Hungary) and Seoul (Republic of Korea). The samples were collected from six sites of high traffic volumes in Seoul metropolitan city and from two control sites within the suburbs of Seoul, for comparison. Similarly, road dust samples were obtained two times from traffic focal points in Budapest, from the large bridges across the River Danube, from Margitsziget (an island in the Danube in the northern part of Budapest, used for recreation) as well as from main roads (no highways) outside Budapest. The samples were analysed for contaminant elements by ICP-AES and for Pt, Pd and Ir by ICP-MS. The highest Pt, Pd and Ir levels in road dusts were found from major roads with high traffic volume, but correlations with other contaminant elements were low, however. This reflects automobile catalytic converter to be an important source. To interpret the obtained multi-element results in short, pollution index, contamination index and geo-accumulation index were calculated. Finally, the obtained data were compared with total concentrations encountered in dust samples from Madrid, Oslo, Tokyo and Muscat (Oman). Dust samples from Seoul reached top level concentrations for Cd–Zn–As–Co–Cr–Cu–Mo–Ni–Sn. Just Pb was rather low because unleaded gasoline was introduced as compulsory in 1993. Concentrations in Budapest dust samples were lower than from Seoul, except for Pb and Mg. Compared with Madrid as another continental site, Budapest was higher in Co–V–Zn. Dust from Oslo, which is not so large, contained more Mn–Na–Sr than dust from other towns, but less other metals.
Manfred Sager; Hyo-Taek Chon; Laszlo Marton. Spatial variation of contaminant elements of roadside dust samples from Budapest (Hungary) and Seoul (Republic of Korea), including Pt, Pd and Ir. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2014, 37, 181 -193.
AMA StyleManfred Sager, Hyo-Taek Chon, Laszlo Marton. Spatial variation of contaminant elements of roadside dust samples from Budapest (Hungary) and Seoul (Republic of Korea), including Pt, Pd and Ir. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2014; 37 (1):181-193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager; Hyo-Taek Chon; Laszlo Marton. 2014. "Spatial variation of contaminant elements of roadside dust samples from Budapest (Hungary) and Seoul (Republic of Korea), including Pt, Pd and Ir." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 37, no. 1: 181-193.
Copper content in muscle and the presence of bullet fragments were assessed in samples from red deer (), roe deer (), fallow deer () and wild boar () (total of 46 animals) which had been hunted with two types of solid copper bullets. Also, the release of copper from bullets or fragments remaining in muscle was tested. For bullet type “B”, a fragment was detected in only 1 out of 34 carcasses whereas for type “A”, fragments were detected in all 12 carcasses, with up to 24 fragments (maximum size, 5 × 7 × 2 mm). Median copper concentrations around the shot wound (0–30 mm distance) were 1.25 and 1.77 mg/kg fresh weight for bullet types B and A, respectively, and thus in the expected range for venison. Around bullet fragments that had remained in muscles, the copper content increased significantly. In roe deer longissimus muscle that had been exposed for 7 days at +7 °C to bullets of type B, up to 1,000 mg/kg copper (fresh weight) was found in a distance of 0–2 mm. However, in a distance of 10–20 mm, maximum copper contents were <10 mg/kg fresh weight. Bullet fragments can constitute physical hazards and will release copper under acidic conditions as those prevailing in meat. Removal of bullet fragments prior to culinary preparation should ensure that a recommended dietary copper intake of 1.25 mg per adult consumer per day is not exceeded. From a food hygiene viewpoint, non-fragmenting bullets seem to be preferable.
Iris Irschik; Friedrich Bauer; Manfred Sager; Peter Paulsen. Copper residues in meat from wild artiodactyls hunted with two types of rifle bullets manufactured from copper. European Journal of Wildlife Research 2012, 59, 129 -136.
AMA StyleIris Irschik, Friedrich Bauer, Manfred Sager, Peter Paulsen. Copper residues in meat from wild artiodactyls hunted with two types of rifle bullets manufactured from copper. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2012; 59 (2):129-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Irschik; Friedrich Bauer; Manfred Sager; Peter Paulsen. 2012. "Copper residues in meat from wild artiodactyls hunted with two types of rifle bullets manufactured from copper." European Journal of Wildlife Research 59, no. 2: 129-136.
Mercury (Hg) is a trace element with high toxicological impact on potential receptors, including human beings. Global Hg emissions are predicted to increase significantly during the next 40 years. After emission, the metal is transported by air currents and precipitations, leading to increasing depositions even in areas far from emission sources. In the terrestrial environment, Hg is subjected to redistribution and transformation into different inorganic and metal–organic species that are taken up by vegetation and soil organisms. In the present study, the woodlouse (Porcellio scaber) was used as a biological indicator of total Hg pollution in the city of Dornbirn (province of Vorarlberg), Austria. Woodlice were collected from 30 sampling points scattered over the city area, 25 of them situated within a rectangular transect crossing the city area from west-northwest to east-southeast, starting near the Rheintal motorway and ending at the slopes of the Bregenzer Wald hills. In addition to woodlice, soil substrate samples were collected at nine of the selected sampling points. Total Hg concentrations were measured in isopod tissues and soil substrate samples by means of an Hg analyzer. Total Hg concentrations in isopod tissues were significantly correlated with Hg soil contents (P < 0.05). Moreover, a gradient of increasing Hg concentrations was observed in isopod samples along the transect across Dornbirn, with the lowest concentrations detected in woodlouse samples near the Rheintal motorway and the highest levels toward the ascending slopes of the Bregenzer Wald hills. This gradient of increasing Hg concentrations across the city matches a concomitant increase in wet precipitations along the same direction, indicating that deposition by wet precipitation may be an important source for Hg contamination in the city of Dornbirn. Overall, the degree of Hg contamination across the study area can be regarded as rather low, i.e., comparable with concentrations observed in other, unpolluted terrestrial habitats. It is concluded that bioindication by total Hg analysis in woodlice can be applied to distinguish between different levels and sources of contamination in urban areas.
Veronika Pedrini-Martha; Manfred Sager; Richard Werner; Reinhard Dallinger. Patterns of Urban Mercury Contamination Detected by Bioindication With Terrestrial Isopods. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2012, 63, 209 -219.
AMA StyleVeronika Pedrini-Martha, Manfred Sager, Richard Werner, Reinhard Dallinger. Patterns of Urban Mercury Contamination Detected by Bioindication With Terrestrial Isopods. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2012; 63 (2):209-219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronika Pedrini-Martha; Manfred Sager; Richard Werner; Reinhard Dallinger. 2012. "Patterns of Urban Mercury Contamination Detected by Bioindication With Terrestrial Isopods." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 63, no. 2: 209-219.
Total sulfur data of various agricultural and food items from the lab of the author, have been compiled to develop an understanding of sulfur levels and ecological cycling in Austria. As sulfur level is not an included factor among the quality criteria of soil and fertilizer composition, the database is rather small. Problems in analytical determinations of total sulfur, in particular digestions, are outlined. As a protein component, sulfur is enriched in matrices of animal origin, in particular in egg white. There is substantial excretion from animals and man via urine. Organic fertilizers (manures, composts) might contribute significantly to the sulfur budget of soils, which is important for organic farming of crops with high sulfur needs. For soils, drainage is a main route of loss of soluble sulfate, thus pot experiments may yield unrealistic sulfur budgets.
Manfred Sager. Levels of Sulfur as an Essential Nutrient Element in the Soil-Crop-Food System in Austria. Agriculture 2012, 2, 1 -11.
AMA StyleManfred Sager. Levels of Sulfur as an Essential Nutrient Element in the Soil-Crop-Food System in Austria. Agriculture. 2012; 2 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager. 2012. "Levels of Sulfur as an Essential Nutrient Element in the Soil-Crop-Food System in Austria." Agriculture 2, no. 1: 1-11.
In order to test current quality and nutritional merits of chocolate, 54 dark, plain and milk chocolate samples as well as cocoa were collected from the Austrian market and analyzed for many nutrient, essential and non essential elements, including the non-metals B, Si, S, and I. The cocoa contents ranged from 20-100%. Among the nonwanted trace elements, nickel was Gaussian distributed with a rather high mean of 4.9 mg/kg. Cd largely ranged below 0.20 mg/kg, but a few were higher, reaching 0.90 mg/kg. Contrary to previous studies, the same sample set was used to determine the contents of several element groups to look for interelement effects. Compared with element levels met in other sweets, element contents in chocolate were significantly higher. Many trace elements, like B-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Mn-Zn, ranged at levels met in green plants. Nickel concentrations were surprisingly high and about Gaussian distributed. Silicon was frequently higher than aluminium. Contaminants Pb, As, V, and Tl were very low, Cd was variable. Factor analysis grouped the element concentrations into B-Co-Cu-Mg-Mn-Ni- P-S-Zn, Al-Cr- Fe-Si, and Ca-J-Na, which might represent a component from the cocoa bean, its outer shell, and milk. Contrary to other sweets, consumption of 100 g of chocolate satisfies the recommended daily intake for Cr-Cu-Fe, and 300 g for Mg and Zn, which is particularly important for the adequate trace element supply of children and vegans.
Manfred Sager. Chocolate and Cocoa Products as A Source of Essential Elements in Nutrition. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 2012, 02, 1 .
AMA StyleManfred Sager. Chocolate and Cocoa Products as A Source of Essential Elements in Nutrition. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences. 2012; 02 (01):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager. 2012. "Chocolate and Cocoa Products as A Source of Essential Elements in Nutrition." Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 02, no. 01: 1.
This study presents the level of platinum in urban environment in and around Seoul, the capital city of Korea. Road dust, roadside soil, and tree bark samples were collected from the sites of various traffic volumes and from control sites in the suburbs. The above samples were analyzed for Pt by ICP-MS and other heavy metals by ICP-OES. Platinum levels in road dusts and roadside soils from Seoul were in the range of 3.8–444 ng/g (av. 115.0 ng/g) and 0.7–221 ng/g (av. 49.7 ng/g), respectively, whereas those in the suburbs were in the range of 2.3–5.2 ng/g (av. 3.9 ng/g) in road dusts and 0.4–5.1 ng/g (av. 2.4 ng/g) in roadside soils. The highest Pt levels in road dusts were found from major roads with high traffic volume. The remarkable difference in average Pt level between heavy traffic roads (av. 132.2 ng/g) and light traffic roads (av. 22.8 ng/g) reflects that an important source of Pt in roadside environment is automobile catalytic converter. High Pt level in road dust was found from the site of erratic stop–start driving condition, for example, 178 ng/g Pt in road dust around a vehicle crossing gate. Platinum level in tree barks ranged from 0.9 to 4.5 ng/g, which indicates the existence of Pt-containing particulate matter in the atmosphere. Road dusts with high Pt level were enriched in traffic-related heavy metals.
Hea-Youn Lee; Hyo-Taek Chon; Manfred Sager; Laszlo Marton. Platinum pollution in road dusts, roadside soils, and tree barks in Seoul, Korea. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2011, 34, 5 -12.
AMA StyleHea-Youn Lee, Hyo-Taek Chon, Manfred Sager, Laszlo Marton. Platinum pollution in road dusts, roadside soils, and tree barks in Seoul, Korea. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2011; 34 (1):5-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHea-Youn Lee; Hyo-Taek Chon; Manfred Sager; Laszlo Marton. 2011. "Platinum pollution in road dusts, roadside soils, and tree barks in Seoul, Korea." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 34, no. 1: 5-12.
Sediment samples and soils along the coast line of the Adriatic Sea were sampled along a transect near the coast line at Zadar/Croatia, ranging from north-western suburbs via the historical centre and the industrial area to south-east suburbs. The sediments were dominated by carbonates and clay minerals, and contaminations with Cd–Cu–Pb–Zn–TOC (total organic carbon) at the historical centre and the industrial site were detected, as well as P and Mo input at the mouth of a small creek, probably from agriculture. No trends between the composition of surface and subsurface sea sediments were seen. At the historic harbour site, total element concentrations versus grain size showed a minimum in the fine silt fraction for most of the elements analysed. The soil samples behind the shoreline were not carbonaceous, but dominated by Fe–Al– oxides, some contained high levels of Be–Cd–Cu–Sn–Zn. Surprisingly, high TOC values within the soils might be assigned to human impacts, not to humus. Contrary to data from street dust samples from Seoul city/Korea, which were measured within our laboratory at the same time, Pt–Ir–Au were at ambient levels due to the limited use of catalysts in cars in the Zadar area at the time of sampling.
Manfred Sager; Martin Kralik. Environmental impact of historical harbour city Zadar (Croatia) on the composition of marine sediments and soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2011, 34, 83 -93.
AMA StyleManfred Sager, Martin Kralik. Environmental impact of historical harbour city Zadar (Croatia) on the composition of marine sediments and soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2011; 34 (1):83-93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager; Martin Kralik. 2011. "Environmental impact of historical harbour city Zadar (Croatia) on the composition of marine sediments and soils." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 34, no. 1: 83-93.
Gabriele Grimm; Heidelinde Lindorfer; Heidi Kieweg; Rodrig Marculescu; Martha Hoffmann; Alois Gessl; Manfred Sager; Christian Bieglmayer. A simple micro-photometric method for urinary iodine determination. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 2011, 49, 1 .
AMA StyleGabriele Grimm, Heidelinde Lindorfer, Heidi Kieweg, Rodrig Marculescu, Martha Hoffmann, Alois Gessl, Manfred Sager, Christian Bieglmayer. A simple micro-photometric method for urinary iodine determination. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2011; 49 (10):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriele Grimm; Heidelinde Lindorfer; Heidi Kieweg; Rodrig Marculescu; Martha Hoffmann; Alois Gessl; Manfred Sager; Christian Bieglmayer. 2011. "A simple micro-photometric method for urinary iodine determination." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 49, no. 10: 1.
The practice of geophagy (soil-eating) is widespread among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa. To assess some of the potential risks accompanying the consumption of geophagic material, we analysed contamination with bacteria, fungi, and geohelminths as well as heavy metals (lead, mercury and cadmium) in 88 African geophagic soil samples, which were purchased in Central, West and East Africa, Europe and the United States. Median microbial viable counts of positive samples were 440 cfu/g (maximum 120 000 cfu/g). The median metal concentrations were 40 mg/kg lead (up to 148 mg/kg), 0.05 mg/kg mercury (up to 0.64 mg/kg), and 0.055 mg/kg cadmium (maximum 0.57 mg/kg). No geohelminth eggs were found in these samples. Our results suggest that geophagic soil samples can be highly contaminated with microbes and may contain high levels of lead. Geophagy, however, is not a cause of adult helminth infection. The periodic consumption of geophagic materials at high dosages might be problematic particularly during pregnancy.
Ruth Kutalek; Guenther Wewalka; Claudia Gundacker; Herbert Auer; Jeff Wilson; Daniela Haluza; Steliana Huhulescu; Stephen Hillier; Manfred Sager; Armin Prinz. Geophagy and potential health implications: geohelminths, microbes and heavy metals. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2010, 104, 787 -795.
AMA StyleRuth Kutalek, Guenther Wewalka, Claudia Gundacker, Herbert Auer, Jeff Wilson, Daniela Haluza, Steliana Huhulescu, Stephen Hillier, Manfred Sager, Armin Prinz. Geophagy and potential health implications: geohelminths, microbes and heavy metals. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2010; 104 (12):787-795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuth Kutalek; Guenther Wewalka; Claudia Gundacker; Herbert Auer; Jeff Wilson; Daniela Haluza; Steliana Huhulescu; Stephen Hillier; Manfred Sager; Armin Prinz. 2010. "Geophagy and potential health implications: geohelminths, microbes and heavy metals." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 12: 787-795.
Hye-Sook Lim; Jin-Soo Lee; Hyo-Taek Chon; Manfred Sager. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au–Ag mine in Korea. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2008, 96, 223 -230.
AMA StyleHye-Sook Lim, Jin-Soo Lee, Hyo-Taek Chon, Manfred Sager. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au–Ag mine in Korea. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2008; 96 (2-3):223-230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHye-Sook Lim; Jin-Soo Lee; Hyo-Taek Chon; Manfred Sager. 2008. "Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au–Ag mine in Korea." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 96, no. 2-3: 223-230.
In Austria, farm animals are estimated to produce about 20×106 ton of excrements annually. In order to predict possible changes of the inorganic compositions of the target soils from various organic fertilizers, mean compositions of excrements, composts and sewage sludges have been compiled on a dry weight basis. Although the high amounts of K and P were beneficial, there were some high concentrations of Na in biogas residues and pig manures. Intense additions of Cu, Zn, and Se are reflected in high loads in the respective excrements, and these amounts in some instances exceeded the threshold limits for soil contamination. Selenium addition to arable soils can be regarded as beneficial, however, as Austria is a low Se area. Composts and sewage sludges were higher in Al and lithophilic trace elements than were the excrements. Factor analysis traced phosphates as the main source of Cd. Cr in processed matrices was significantly higher, and abrasion from tools should be considered in future investigations. Other unwanted trace elements, like Ni, Pb, As and Hg, were found at a rather low concentration.
Manfred Sager. Trace and nutrient elements in manure, dung and compost samples in Austria. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2007, 39, 1383 -1390.
AMA StyleManfred Sager. Trace and nutrient elements in manure, dung and compost samples in Austria. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2007; 39 (6):1383-1390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManfred Sager. 2007. "Trace and nutrient elements in manure, dung and compost samples in Austria." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39, no. 6: 1383-1390.