Transportation is an important means for modern society to facilitate the mobility of people and goods. The transport sector consumes about 30% of the total national final energy consumption. In 2016, energy consumption in the transportation sector reached 331.7 million BOE (equivalent barrels of oil) with a fuel mix of 55.3% gasoline; 14.0% of diesel oil; 22.3% biosolar; 0.04% fuel oil, 0.07% natural gas; 0.005% avgas, 8.15% aviation fuel and 0.04% electricity. The increasing demand for energy in the transportation sector in Indonesia is largely due to the improvement and addition of transport infrastructure in some parts of Indonesia, especially airports and the growth of low-cost airlines. In 2050 it is projected that the use of gasoline and diesel oil will continue to increase with growth of 4.0% and 4.5% per year. Along with this, the growth of biodiesel continues to increase to 7.9% per year. While avtur utilization is projected to continue to grow with a growth rate of 6.8% per year.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dunia telah mengalami pasang naik produksi bahan bakar nabati, dari angka tahunan sebesar 9,2 juta ton pada tahun 2000 menjadi 95,4 juta ton pada tahun 2018. Kebijakan nasional tidak dibuat untuk menstabilkan sektor gula dan kelapa sawit, tetapi untuk mengembangkan industri BBN (Bahan Bakar Nabati) nasional. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis kebijakan pengembangan bahan bakar nabati antara Kolombia dan Indonesia terkait dengan sektor gula dan kelapa sawit. Metode yang digunakan analisis deskriptif dengan cara studi pustaka, pengumpulan data, dan menganalisis kebijakan pengembangan bahan bakar nabati di Indonesia dan Kolombia. Pemerintah Kolombia memberikan mekanisme insentif untuk mempromosikan bahan bakar BBN, termasuk mandat untuk pencampuran bahan bakar nabati. Kebijakan harga ditetapkan dengan mempertimbangkan biaya peluang penggunaan bahan baku alternatif. Sedangkan di Indonesia, mandatori kebijakan BBN dalam rangka mengurangi ketergantungan atas impor minyak solar guna menghemat devisa Negara. Di Kolombia, penerapan kebijakan bahan bakar nabati memungkinkan terciptanya pasar etanol dan biodiesel yang sebagian berasal dari substitusi produksi gula dengan produksi etanol, dan interaksi dinamis antara produksi minyak sawit dan biodiesel. Di Indonesia, belum optimalnya produksi biodiesel dibandingkan dengan kapasitas terpasangnya dikarenakan oleh faktor ekonomi politik dan harga. Rendahnya serapan biodiesel yang secara tidak langsung menjadi kendala keberlanjutan program bioenergi nasional.

The high sedimentation rate of Rawapening Lake is both an environmental challenge and a potential resource. Seedlings currently rely on single-use plastic polybags, which contribute significantly to plastic waste. The use of mineral soil as a growing medium can accelerate natural resource depletion. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of utilizing lake sediment as an alternative seedling media through soil block technology. An integrated Life Cycle Assessment was conducted to quantify the environmental impacts, and Multidimensional Scaling was applied to assess sustainability across environmental, technological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions. Field data from ten seedling producers using soil blocks and ten using polybags were analyzed. The results showed that soil block media reduced Global Warming Potential by 48% compared to polybags, increased phosphorus and organic matter content, and was more financially efficient, with an increase in productivity of 90.24% and a revenue cost ratio of 24.56%. Sustainability analysis classified the innovation as moderately sustainable, with the highest scores in the environmental and technological dimensions. Institutional support was identified as a limiting factor. These findings suggest that sediment-based soil block media are a viable, lower-impact alternative for seedling production, although scaling up will require policy and institutional support.