Trilemma in blockchain refers to the infamous problem of simultaneously not delivering the three critical aspects of a ledger: security, scalability, and decentralisation. While security and scalability hinder decentralisation, security is jeopardised if the scalability is escalated. This deficiency of not maintaining a balance among these three crucial factors restricts the broader adoption of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in the industries. This paper proposes a solution to the blockchain trilemma by implementing a public ledger using The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and a newly introduced strategy called the double‐chain technique. The scalability and decentralisation features are guaranteed by the distributed file system of IPFS and the public nature of the blockchain suggested in this study. Although any consensus can be plugged into our system, the proof‐of‐work consensus is utilised to ensure that the security is not compromised while stabilising scalability and decentralisation.

The ongoing challenge in the world of blockchain technology is finding a solution to the trilemma that involves balancing decentralization, security, and scalability. This paper introduces a pioneering blockchain architecture designed to transcend this trilemma, uniting advanced cryptographic methods, inventive security protocols, and dynamic decentralization mechanisms. Employing established techniques such as elliptic curve cryptography, Schnorr verifiable random function, and zero‐knowledge proof (zk‐SNARK), alongside groundbreaking methodologies for stake distribution, anomaly detection, and incentive alignment, our framework sets a new benchmark for secure, scalable, and decentralized blockchain ecosystems. The proposed system surpasses top‐tier consensuses by attaining a throughput of 1700+ transactions per second, ensuring robust security against all well‐known blockchain attacks without compromising scalability and demonstrating solid decentralization in benchmark analysis alongside 25 other blockchain systems, all achieved with an affordable hardware cost for validators and an average CPU usage of only 16.1%.

The blockchain trilemma—balancing decentralization, security, and scalability—remains a critical challenge in distributed ledger technology. Despite significant advancements, achieving all three attributes simultaneously ... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press