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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) require an urgent transition from a linear to a circular economy operation/design concept with a consequent resource recovery and more sustainable waste management. Natural resources have to be preserved, and wastes have to become an opportunity for recovering resources and materials (water reuse, energy, sludge reuse). However, the transition toward a circular economy is a complex and long process due to the existence of technical, economic, social and regulatory barriers. These existing barriers are critical challenges for a modern and sustainable WWTP concept. The recovery of resources must be considered a strategic target from the earliest process-design phase. In this context, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project “Achieving wider uptake of water-smart solutions—WIDER UPTAKE” aims to overcome the existing barriers (technological, regulatory, organizational, social and economic) toward the transition from a linear to a circular economy model for WWTPs. This study is aimed at increasing the awareness of the existing barriers to a circular economy and summarizes the key contributions of the WIDER UPTAKE project in terms of water reuse, sludge reuse and nutrient recovery.
Giorgio Mannina; Luigi Badalucco; Lorenzo Barbara; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Giuseppe Gallo; Vito Laudicina; Giuseppe Marino; Sofia Muscarella; Dario Presti; Herman Helness. Enhancing a Transition to a Circular Economy in the Water Sector: The EU Project WIDER UPTAKE. Water 2021, 13, 946 .
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Luigi Badalucco, Lorenzo Barbara, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, Giuseppe Gallo, Vito Laudicina, Giuseppe Marino, Sofia Muscarella, Dario Presti, Herman Helness. Enhancing a Transition to a Circular Economy in the Water Sector: The EU Project WIDER UPTAKE. Water. 2021; 13 (7):946.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Luigi Badalucco; Lorenzo Barbara; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Giuseppe Gallo; Vito Laudicina; Giuseppe Marino; Sofia Muscarella; Dario Presti; Herman Helness. 2021. "Enhancing a Transition to a Circular Economy in the Water Sector: The EU Project WIDER UPTAKE." Water 13, no. 7: 946.
The integration of one anaerobic reactor in the mainstream (AMSR) of a pre-denitritication-MBR was evaluated with the aim to achieve simultaneous sludge minimization and phosphorous removal. The excess sludge production was reduced by 64% when the AMSR was operated under 8 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The highest nutrients removal performances referred to organic carbon (98%), nitrogen (90%) and phosphorous (97%) were obtained under 8 h of HRT. In contrast, prolonged anaerobic-endogenous conditions were found to be detrimental for all nutrients removal performances. Similarly, the lowest membrane fouling tendency (FR = 0.65∙1011 m−1 d−1) was achieved under 8 h of HRT, whereas it significantly increased under higher HRT. The highest polyphosphate accumulating organisms kinetics were achieved under HRT of 8 h, showing very high exogenous P-release (46.67 mgPO4-P gVSS−1 h−1) and P-uptake rates (48.6 mgPO4-P gVSS−1 h−1), as well as a not negligible P-release rate under endogenous conditions at low COD/P ratio (≈1).
Santo Fabio Corsino; Taissa Silva de Oliveira; Daniele Di Trapani; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani. Simultaneous sludge minimization, biological phosphorous removal and membrane fouling mitigation in a novel plant layout for MBR. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 259, 109826 .
AMA StyleSanto Fabio Corsino, Taissa Silva de Oliveira, Daniele Di Trapani, Michele Torregrossa, Gaspare Viviani. Simultaneous sludge minimization, biological phosphorous removal and membrane fouling mitigation in a novel plant layout for MBR. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 259 ():109826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanto Fabio Corsino; Taissa Silva de Oliveira; Daniele Di Trapani; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani. 2019. "Simultaneous sludge minimization, biological phosphorous removal and membrane fouling mitigation in a novel plant layout for MBR." Journal of Environmental Management 259, no. : 109826.
The aim of the present study was to compare the oxygen transfer efficiency in a conventional activated sludge and a membrane bioreactor system. The oxygen transfer was evaluated by means of the oxygen transfer coefficient and α-factor calculation, under different total suspended solids concentration, extracellular polymeric substances, sludge apparent viscosity and size of the flocs. The oxygen transfer coefficient and α-factor showed an exponential decreasing trend with total suspended solid, with a stronger oxygen transfer coefficient dependence in the conventional activated sludge compared to the membrane bioreactor. It was noted that the oxygen transfer coefficient in the conventional activated sludge become comparable to that in membrane bioreactor when the total suspended solid concentration in the conventional activated sludge was higher than 5 g L−1. Operating under high carbon to nitrogen ratio, the oxygen transfer coefficient increased in both conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor because of sludge deflocculation and it was noticed a weaker dependence of the oxygen transfer coefficient with total suspended solid. The results indicated that the most important parameters on the oxygen transfer efficiency were in order: the total suspended solid concentration, flocs size, sludge apparent viscosity and extracellular polymeric substances content. Based on the influence of the main biomass features affecting the oxygen transfer coefficient and considering the typical operating conditions in both systems, those of membrane bioreactor appeared to be more favorable to oxygen transfer efficiency. The paper provides a useful insight about some peculiarities of oxygen transfer in a conventional activated sludge and a membrane reactor system, highlighting new and useful information in the light of a more sustainable management of these systems.
Marco Capodici; Santo Fabio Corsino; Daniele Di Trapani; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani. Effect of biomass features on oxygen transfer in conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 240, 118071 .
AMA StyleMarco Capodici, Santo Fabio Corsino, Daniele Di Trapani, Michele Torregrossa, Gaspare Viviani. Effect of biomass features on oxygen transfer in conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 240 ():118071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Capodici; Santo Fabio Corsino; Daniele Di Trapani; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani. 2019. "Effect of biomass features on oxygen transfer in conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 240, no. : 118071.
Partial nitrification (PN) is a technically and economically effective solution for the treatment of wastewater featuring low C/N ratio, allowing to achieve approximately 25% energy saving and 40% carbon source for denitrification. This study investigated the effect of different carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) and ammonia loading rate (ALR) on PN performances in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating landfill leachate with municipal wastewater. The aim was to find an optimum range for C/N and ALR to maximize PN performances. Results demonstrated that a proper balancing between ALR and C/N is crucial to achieve high PN efficiency. The results highlighted the existence of an optimum range for ALR and C/N of approximately 0.30-0.50 kg NH4-N m-3d-1 and 2-4. Although complete suppression of NOB was not achieved at these values, a predominance of nitrite (125 mg L-1) to nitrate (50 mg L-1) was observed. The results demonstrated the achievement of PN even at high C/N (4) but, on the other hand, C/N higher than 6 were not favorable to autotrophic growth. C/N significantly lower than 4 caused a stress condition for the biomass, leading to an excess in SMP production. Therefore, the operational parameters as well as the co-treatment ratio should be adjusted in order to operate the system under specific ALR (0.30-0.50 kg NH4-N m-3 d-1) and C/N (2-4).
Marco Capodici; Santo Fabio Corsino; Daniele Di Trapani; Gaspare Viviani. Achievement of partial nitrification under different carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and ammonia loading rate for the co-treatment of landfill leachate with municipal wastewater. Biochemical Engineering Journal 2019, 149, 107229 .
AMA StyleMarco Capodici, Santo Fabio Corsino, Daniele Di Trapani, Gaspare Viviani. Achievement of partial nitrification under different carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and ammonia loading rate for the co-treatment of landfill leachate with municipal wastewater. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 149 ():107229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Capodici; Santo Fabio Corsino; Daniele Di Trapani; Gaspare Viviani. 2019. "Achievement of partial nitrification under different carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and ammonia loading rate for the co-treatment of landfill leachate with municipal wastewater." Biochemical Engineering Journal 149, no. : 107229.
The cake layer deposited on the membrane modules of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), especially under a submerged configuration, represents a relevant and fundamental mechanism deeply influencing the development of membrane fouling. It negatively affects the total resistance to filtration, while exerting a positive effect as a “pre-filter” promoting the “dynamic membrane” that protects the physical membrane from internal fouling. These two opposite phenomena should be properly managed, where the submerged membranes are usually subjected to a periodical cake layer removal through ordinary (permeate backwashing and air scouring) and/or irregular cleaning actions (manual physical cleaning). In this context, the physical removal of the cake layer is needed to maintain the design filtration characteristics. Nevertheless, the proper evaluation of the effect of physical cleaning operations is still contradictory and under discussion, referring in particular to the correct evaluation of fouling mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to summarize the different aspects that influence the fouling investigations, based on simple models for the evaluation of the resistance to filtration due to the cake layer, through physical cleaning operations.
Gaetano Di Bella; Daniele Di Trapani. A Brief Review on the Resistance-in-Series Model in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). Membranes 2019, 9, 24 .
AMA StyleGaetano Di Bella, Daniele Di Trapani. A Brief Review on the Resistance-in-Series Model in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). Membranes. 2019; 9 (2):24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano Di Bella; Daniele Di Trapani. 2019. "A Brief Review on the Resistance-in-Series Model in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs)." Membranes 9, no. 2: 24.
This study aimed at evaluating the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment. The study investigated the N2O emissions considering multiple influential factors over a two-year period: (i) different MBR based process configurations; (ii) wastewater composition (municipal or industrial); (iii) operational conditions (i.e. sludge retention time, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, C/N, hydraulic retention time); (iv) membrane modules. Among the overall analysed configurations, the highest N2O emission occurred from the aerated reactors. The treatment of industrial wastewater, contaminated with salt and hydrocarbons, provided the highest N2O emission factor (EF): 16% of the influent nitrogen for the denitrification/nitrification-MBR plant. The lowest N2O emission (EF = 0.5% of the influent nitrogen) was obtained in the biological phosphorus removal-moving bed-MBR plant likely due to an improvement in biological performances exerted by the co-presence of both suspended and attached biomass. The influent C/N ratio has been identified as a key factor affecting the N2O production. Indeed, a decrease of the C/N ratio (from 10 to 2) promoted the increase of N2O emissions in both gaseous and dissolved phases, mainly related to a decreased efficiency of the denitrification processes.
Giorgio Mannina; Kartik Chandran; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Mark C. M. Van Loosdrecht. Greenhouse gas emissions from membrane bioreactors: analysis of a two-year survey on different MBR configurations. Water Science and Technology 2018, 78, 896 -903.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Kartik Chandran, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, Mark C. M. Van Loosdrecht. Greenhouse gas emissions from membrane bioreactors: analysis of a two-year survey on different MBR configurations. Water Science and Technology. 2018; 78 (4):896-903.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Kartik Chandran; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Mark C. M. Van Loosdrecht. 2018. "Greenhouse gas emissions from membrane bioreactors: analysis of a two-year survey on different MBR configurations." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 4: 896-903.
Stricter effluent limits, water shortage conditions, land availability requires today even more the needs of advanced wastewater treatments. Attractive solutions come from membrane bioreactors (MBR), Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) or combinations (i.e., IFAS-MBRs). One crucial aspect for the applicability of this overall new technology, compared to the conventional activated sludge systems, is the lack of knowledge for design and manage (e.g., kinetic constants, optimal operative conditions etc.). In view of the above frame, the aim of the present study was to assess the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of bacterial species in MBRs by means of respirometric techniques. Plant configurations, operational conditions and wastewater features (domestic/industrial) were analysed. Four different MBR plants were investigated: i) sequencing batch MBR subjected to a gradual salinity increase; ii) pre-denitrification MBR treating saline wastewater contaminated by hydrocarbons; iii) University of Cape Town (UCT) MBR treating domestic wastewater subjected to a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio variation; iiii) UCT- IFAS -MBR treating domestic wastewater. Results show a significant influence on biomass respiratory activity from both plant configurations and operational conditions. The salinity increase severely affected the activity of autotrophic species, while heterotrophic community was influenced by the C/N variation. Moreover, it was observed a specialization in the IFAS-MBR configuration, with the suspended biomass more affine to organic matter, whilst biofilm in the nitrification process. The respirometric analysis confirmed to be an effective tool for the evaluation of the biomass kinetic and stoichiometric parameters. The results of this study can be useful for the application of mathematical models in the design phase and for the monitoring of biomass viability during plant operations.
Daniele Di Trapani; Giorgio Mannina; Gaspare Viviani. Membrane Bioreactors for wastewater reuse: Respirometric assessment of biomass activity during a two year survey. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 202, 311 -320.
AMA StyleDaniele Di Trapani, Giorgio Mannina, Gaspare Viviani. Membrane Bioreactors for wastewater reuse: Respirometric assessment of biomass activity during a two year survey. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 202 ():311-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniele Di Trapani; Giorgio Mannina; Gaspare Viviani. 2018. "Membrane Bioreactors for wastewater reuse: Respirometric assessment of biomass activity during a two year survey." Journal of Cleaner Production 202, no. : 311-320.
Sanitary landfills for municipal solid waste (MSW) represent one of the major anthropogenic source of GHGs emissions and are directly responsible of the climate changes we are facing nowadays. Indeed, the biodegradable organic matter of MSW undergoes anaerobic digestion producing the landfill gas (LFG), whose main components are CH4 and CO2. Therefore, biomethane energy exploitation in MSW landfills will reduce GHGs emission positively affecting the global warming. The aim of the present study was to assess the methane production in a Sicilian landfill by comparing the results from field measurements of methane emission and the estimates achieved by applying different mathematical models. A subsequent energetic/economic analysis was carried out based on the Italian incentive mechanisms. Two different scenarios were simulated for LFG valorization considering either internal combustion engines or micro gas turbines. The evaluation of the economic viability was performed by applying the classic models of the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. The results of the present study showed that the LFG produced in the investigated landfill could be profitably used as energetic source and the economic income due to thermal and electrical energy valorization might positively contribute to the landfill management.
Daniele Di Trapani; Maurizio Volpe; Gaetano Di Bella; Antonio Messineo; Roberto Volpe; Gaspare Viviani. Assessing Methane Emission and Economic Viability of Energy Exploitation in a Typical Sicilian Municipal Solid Waste Landfill. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2018, 10, 3173 -3184.
AMA StyleDaniele Di Trapani, Maurizio Volpe, Gaetano Di Bella, Antonio Messineo, Roberto Volpe, Gaspare Viviani. Assessing Methane Emission and Economic Viability of Energy Exploitation in a Typical Sicilian Municipal Solid Waste Landfill. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2018; 10 (10):3173-3184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniele Di Trapani; Maurizio Volpe; Gaetano Di Bella; Antonio Messineo; Roberto Volpe; Gaspare Viviani. 2018. "Assessing Methane Emission and Economic Viability of Energy Exploitation in a Typical Sicilian Municipal Solid Waste Landfill." Waste and Biomass Valorization 10, no. 10: 3173-3184.
Biological nutrients removal was operated at different solids and hydraulic retention times (SRT and HRT, respectively) in order to assess their influence on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from a hybrid moving bed membrane bioreactors. The observed results showed that the N2O production decreased when the SRT/HRT was decreased. The maximum N2O gaseous concentration (0.2 mg N2O‐N L‐1) was measured in the aerobic reactor at the end of Phase I (SRT/HRT of 56d/30h), and it decreased through Phases II (SRT/HRT of 31d/15h) and III (SRT/HRT of 7d/13h). From mass balances over the reactors of the system, the aerated (aerobic and membrane) reactors were the largest producers of N2O. This shows that the great part of N2O was produced during the nitrification process.
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; George A. Ekama. Solids and Hydraulic Retention Time Effect on N2 O Emission from Moving-Bed Membrane Bioreactors. Chemical Engineering & Technology 2018, 41, 1294 -1304.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, George A. Ekama. Solids and Hydraulic Retention Time Effect on N2 O Emission from Moving-Bed Membrane Bioreactors. Chemical Engineering & Technology. 2018; 41 (7):1294-1304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; George A. Ekama. 2018. "Solids and Hydraulic Retention Time Effect on N2 O Emission from Moving-Bed Membrane Bioreactors." Chemical Engineering & Technology 41, no. 7: 1294-1304.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills now represent one of the most important issues related to the waste management cycle. Knowledge of biogas production is a key aspect for the proper exploitation of this energy source, even in the post-closure period. In the present study, a simple mathematical model was proposed for the simulation of biogas production. The model is based on first-order biodegradation kinetics and also takes into account the temperature variation in time and depth as well as landfill settlement. The model was applied to an operating landfill located in Sicily, in Italy, and the first results obtained are promising. Indeed, the results showed a good fit between measured and simulated data. Based on these promising results, the model can also be considered a useful tool for landfill operators for a reliable estimate of the duration of the post-closure period.
D. Di Trapani; G. Mannina; S. Nicosia; G. Viviani. Biogas from municipal solid waste landfills: a simplified mathematical model. Water Science and Technology 2018, 77, 2426 -2435.
AMA StyleD. Di Trapani, G. Mannina, S. Nicosia, G. Viviani. Biogas from municipal solid waste landfills: a simplified mathematical model. Water Science and Technology. 2018; 77 (10):2426-2435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Di Trapani; G. Mannina; S. Nicosia; G. Viviani. 2018. "Biogas from municipal solid waste landfills: a simplified mathematical model." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 10: 2426-2435.
A University of Cape Town Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactor (UCT-IFAS-MBR) pilot plant was operated at different values of the sludge retention time (SRT). Three SRTs were investigated at different durations: indefinitely, 30 and 15 days. The organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, kinetic/stoichiometric parameters, membrane fouling tendency and sludge filtration properties were assessed. The findings showed that by decreasing the SRT, the pilot plant could maintain excellent carbon removal efficiencies throughout the experiments. In contrast, the biological carbon removal showed a slight nitrification and was slightly affected by the decrease of the SRT, showing high performance (approximately 91%, on average). Thus, the biofilm might have helped sustain the nitrification throughout the experiments. The average phosphorus removal performance increased slightly with a decrease in SRT, achieving the maximum efficiency (61.5%) at a SRT of 15 days. After a 30-day SRT, an increase in resistance due to pore blocking and a general worsening of the membrane filtration properties occurred.
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Gaspare Viviani. The influence of solid retention time on IFAS-MBR systems: analysis of system behavior. Environmental Technology 2018, 40, 1840 -1852.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, Gaspare Viviani. The influence of solid retention time on IFAS-MBR systems: analysis of system behavior. Environmental Technology. 2018; 40 (14):1840-1852.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Gaspare Viviani. 2018. "The influence of solid retention time on IFAS-MBR systems: analysis of system behavior." Environmental Technology 40, no. 14: 1840-1852.
Giorgio Mannina; George A. Ekama; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Hallvard Ødegaard; Mark M.C. van Loosdrecht. Influence of carbon to nitrogen ratio on nitrous oxide emission in an Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Membrane BioReactor plant. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 176, 1078 -1090.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, George A. Ekama, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, Hallvard Ødegaard, Mark M.C. van Loosdrecht. Influence of carbon to nitrogen ratio on nitrous oxide emission in an Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Membrane BioReactor plant. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 176 ():1078-1090.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; George A. Ekama; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Hallvard Ødegaard; Mark M.C. van Loosdrecht. 2018. "Influence of carbon to nitrogen ratio on nitrous oxide emission in an Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Membrane BioReactor plant." Journal of Cleaner Production 176, no. : 1078-1090.
The influence of the main operational variables on N2O emissions from an Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge University of Cape Town membrane Bioreactor pilot plant was studied. Nine operational cycles (total duration: 340days) were investigated by varying the value of the mixed liquor sludge retention time (SRT) (Cycles 1-3), the feeding ratio between carbon and nitrogen (C/N) (Cycles 4-6) and simultaneously the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the SRT (Cycles 7-9). Results show a huge variability of the N2O concentration in liquid and off-gas samples (ranged from 10(-1)μgN2O-NL(-1) to 10(3)μgN2O-NL(-1)). The maximum N2O concentration (1228μgN2O-NL(-1)) in the off-gas samples occurred in the anoxic reactor at the lowest C/N value confirming that unbalanced C/N promotes the N2O emission during denitrification. The aerated reactors (aerobic and MBR) have been the major N2O emitters during all the three Phases.
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani. Nitrous oxide from integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor: Assessing the influence of operational variables. Bioresource Technology 2018, 247, 1221 -1227.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani. Nitrous oxide from integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor: Assessing the influence of operational variables. Bioresource Technology. 2018; 247 ():1221-1227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani. 2018. "Nitrous oxide from integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor: Assessing the influence of operational variables." Bioresource Technology 247, no. : 1221-1227.
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; George A. Ekama. The effect of the solids and hydraulic retention time on moving bed membrane bioreactor performance. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 170, 1305 -1315.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, George A. Ekama. The effect of the solids and hydraulic retention time on moving bed membrane bioreactor performance. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 170 ():1305-1315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; George A. Ekama. 2018. "The effect of the solids and hydraulic retention time on moving bed membrane bioreactor performance." Journal of Cleaner Production 170, no. : 1305-1315.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a moving bed based Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) - membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant, designed according to the University of Cape Town (UCT) layout. The experimental campaign had a duration of 110 days and was characterized by three different sludge retention time (SRT) values (∞, 30 d and 15 d). Results highlighted that N2O concentrations decreased when the biofilm concentrations increased within the aerobic reactor. Results have shown an increase of N2O with the decrease of SRT. Specifically, an increase of N2O-N emission factor occurred with the decrease of the SRT (0.13%, 0.21% and 0.76% of influent nitrogen for SRT = ∞, SRT = 30 d and SRT = 15 d, respectively). Moreover, the MBR tank resulted the key emission source (up to 70% of the total N2O emission during SRT = ∞ period) whereas the highest N2O production occurred in the anoxic reactor. Moreover, N2O concentrations measured in the permeate flow were not negligible, thus highlighting its potential detrimental contribution for the receiving water body. The role of each plant reactor as N2O-N producer/consumer varies with the SRT variation, indeed the aerobic reactor was a N2O consumer at SRT = ∞ and a producer at SRT = 30 d.
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Vito Armando Laudicina; Daniele Di Trapani. The influence of solid retention time on IFAS-MBR systems: Assessment of nitrous oxide emission. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 203, 391 -399.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Vito Armando Laudicina, Daniele Di Trapani. The influence of solid retention time on IFAS-MBR systems: Assessment of nitrous oxide emission. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 203 ():391-399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Vito Armando Laudicina; Daniele Di Trapani. 2017. "The influence of solid retention time on IFAS-MBR systems: Assessment of nitrous oxide emission." Journal of Environmental Management 203, no. : 391-399.
The present study explores the interlinkages among the operational variables of a University of Cape Town (UCT) Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant. Specifically, dedicated experimental tests were carried out with the final aim to find-out a constitutive relationship among operational costs (OCs), effluent quality index (EQI), effluent fines (EF). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were also included in the study. Results showed that the EQI increases at low flow rate likely due to the dissolved oxygen (DO) limitation in the biological processes. Direct GHGs increase with the increasing of the air flow due to the anoxic NO contribution. Irreversible membrane fouling reduce from 98% to 85% at the air flow rate of 0.57mh and 2.56mh, respectively. However, the increase of the air flow rate leads to the increase of the NO-N flux emitted from the MBR (from 40% to 80%).
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Gustaf Olsson. Greenhouse gas emissions and the links to plant performance in a fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor – Pilot plant experimental evidence. Bioresource Technology 2017, 241, 1145 -1151.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, Gustaf Olsson. Greenhouse gas emissions and the links to plant performance in a fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor – Pilot plant experimental evidence. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 241 ():1145-1151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Gustaf Olsson. 2017. "Greenhouse gas emissions and the links to plant performance in a fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor – Pilot plant experimental evidence." Bioresource Technology 241, no. : 1145-1151.
In this paper, an experimental campaign was carried out on a University of Cape Town Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactor (UCT-IFAS-MBR) pilot plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the influent C/N ratio on the system performance in terms of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, biomass viability (through respirometry), activated sludge features and membrane filtration properties. The experiments were organized into three phases, characterized by a variation of the C/N ratio (namely, Phase I: C/N= 5, Phase II: C/N =10; Phase III: C/N = 2). The results highlighted that the system performance was significantly affected by C/N ratio. The removal efficiencies were satisfactory for C/N ratio equal to 10 and 5, with average removal in Phases I and II of 98-\u80\u9398%, 53\u80-69% and 67-87% for COD, nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Conversely, with a C/N ratio of 2, a significant worsening of the pilot plant performance was observed, with average COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal equal to 70%, 44% and 26%, respectively, much lower compared to the previous phases. Respirometry highlighted a significant decrease of bacterial activity when the C/N was reduced to 2, even if the biofilm seemed to be more resilient in terms of activity compared to the activated sludge
Giorgio Mannina; George A. Ekama; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Hallvard Ødegaard. Moving bed membrane bioreactors for carbon and nutrient removal: The effect of C/N variation. Biochemical Engineering Journal 2017, 125, 31 -40.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, George A. Ekama, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, Hallvard Ødegaard. Moving bed membrane bioreactors for carbon and nutrient removal: The effect of C/N variation. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 2017; 125 ():31-40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; George A. Ekama; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Hallvard Ødegaard. 2017. "Moving bed membrane bioreactors for carbon and nutrient removal: The effect of C/N variation." Biochemical Engineering Journal 125, no. : 31-40.
The paper reports the results of an experimental campaign carried out on a University of Cape Town (UCT) integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant. The pilot plant was analysed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients removal, kinetic/stoichiometric parameters, membrane fouling and sludge dewaterability. Moreover, the cultivable bacterial community structure was also analysed. The pilot plant showed excellent COD removal efficiency throughout experiments, with average value higher than 98%, despite the slight variations of the influent wastewater. The achieved nitrification efficiency was close to 98% for most of the experiments, suggesting that the biofilm in the aerobic compartment might have sustained the complete nitrification of the influent ammonia, even for concentrations higher than 100 mg L. The irreversible resistance due to superficial cake deposition was the mechanism that mostly affected the membrane fouling. Moreover, it was noticed an increase of the resistance due pore blocking likely due to the increase of the EPS fraction that could derive by biofilm detachment. The bacterial strains isolated from aerobic tank are wastewater bacteria known for exhibiting efficient heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification and producing biofilm.
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Paolo Cinà; Daniele Di Trapani; Anna Maria Puglia; George A. Ekama. Bacterial community structure and removal performances in IFAS-MBRs: A pilot plant case study. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 198, 122 -131.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Paolo Cinà, Daniele Di Trapani, Anna Maria Puglia, George A. Ekama. Bacterial community structure and removal performances in IFAS-MBRs: A pilot plant case study. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 198 ():122-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Paolo Cinà; Daniele Di Trapani; Anna Maria Puglia; George A. Ekama. 2017. "Bacterial community structure and removal performances in IFAS-MBRs: A pilot plant case study." Journal of Environmental Management 198, no. : 122-131.
The aim of the present work was to investigate the behavior of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for the treatment of oily wastewater. A bench scale MBR was fed with synthetic wastewater containing diesel fuel. Organic carbon, hydrocarbon and ammonium removal, kinetic constants, extracellular polymeric substances production, and membrane fouling rates were monitored. The MBR plant was operated for more than 200 days, and the results highlighted good carbon removal and nitrification, suggesting a sort of biomass adaptation to hydrocarbons. Membrane fouling analysis showed an increase in total resistance, likely due to hydrocarbons, which caused an irreversible fouling (pore blocking) mainly due to oil deposition.
Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Giorgio Mannina; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani; Daniele Di Trapani. Treatment of Oily Wastewater with Membrane Bioreactor Systems. Water 2017, 9, 412 .
AMA StyleMarco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Giorgio Mannina, Michele Torregrossa, Gaspare Viviani, Daniele Di Trapani. Treatment of Oily Wastewater with Membrane Bioreactor Systems. Water. 2017; 9 (6):412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Giorgio Mannina; Michele Torregrossa; Gaspare Viviani; Daniele Di Trapani. 2017. "Treatment of Oily Wastewater with Membrane Bioreactor Systems." Water 9, no. 6: 412.
The effect of the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the influent on the nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from a University of Cape Town Membrane BioReactor pilot plant was investigated. The membrane was located in a separate tank to single out the production of N2O due to the biological processes from N2O stripping as a result of the extra aeration needed for the mitigation of membrane fouling. The experimental campaign was divided into two phases, each characterized by a different C/N ratio (namely, 10 and 5 mgCOD/mgTN, Phase I and Phase II, respectively). The decrease of the C/N ratio promoted the increase of N2O emissions in both gaseous and dissolved phases, mainly due to a decreased nitrification/denitrification capacity of the system. The highest N2O concentration in the dissolved phase was found in the permeate. This result suggests that the dissolved N2O in the permeate stream discharged from a MBR cannot be neglected. The total N2O emission was approximately of 0.01% and 0.1% of the total influent nitrogen load for the Phase I and Phase II, respectively. The findings suggest that the C/N ratio represents an indirect cause of N2O emission; the low C/N value (Phase II) led to the increase of pH and free ammonia causing a stress effect on the growth of nitrifying species increasing the N2O emission
Giorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Mark C.M. Van Loosdrecht. Nitrous oxide emission in a University of Cape Town membrane bioreactor: The effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 149, 180 -190.
AMA StyleGiorgio Mannina, Marco Capodici, Alida Cosenza, Daniele Di Trapani, Mark C.M. Van Loosdrecht. Nitrous oxide emission in a University of Cape Town membrane bioreactor: The effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 149 ():180-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Mannina; Marco Capodici; Alida Cosenza; Daniele Di Trapani; Mark C.M. Van Loosdrecht. 2017. "Nitrous oxide emission in a University of Cape Town membrane bioreactor: The effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio." Journal of Cleaner Production 149, no. : 180-190.