Fires are among the few processes that significantly impact the state and quality of the environment. Depending on the type and quantity of materials, products, or waste accumulated at a given location, various substances can be released into the environment during a fire. Knowledge of the potential hazards resulting from emission levels allows for appropriate action to be taken and protective measures to be implemented for those present at the scene. Therefore, this article analyzes the composition of emissions depending on the type of material involved in the fire, with particular emphasis on forest fires, substance dumps, and waste disposal sites. An analysis of the available literature revealed the presence of countless toxic organic and inorganic substances, including ultrafine particles and nanoparticles of metals, nonmetals and their compounds, and compounds with long-term toxic and mutagenic effects, such as benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene. The development of new materials influences the composition of gases and fumes released during fires; therefore, continuous quantitative and qualitative analysis, the development of appropriate analytical tools, and legal requirements are essential.

Fires constitute a significant threat due to the pollutants emitted and the destruction they cause. People who take part in firefighting operations must be equipped with appropriate tools, including special clothing that will allow them to work and guarantee safety. One of the threats is represented by compounds from the PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) group, which are characterized by high toxicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, it is important that the materials used constitute a barrier to contamination. Various materials from which individual elements of special firefighter’s clothing are made were tested. Additionally, the effect of height on the possibility of sorption of PAH compounds on a given type of material was analyzed. Based on the obtained analysis results, it was found that both the type of material and the zone in which the clothing items are used are important in the sorption processes of pollutants. For example, PAHs with high molecular weight are most likely to settle on rubber, i.e., the material from which shoes are made, with the exception of Chrysene, whose presence was found primarily in aramid fibers, i.e., the material from which trousers and jackets are made. However, among PAHs with low molecular weight, compounds such as Methylnaphthalene,1- and Fluorene were sorbed on the rubber surface in large quantities. The only compound that is present in comparable amounts in all materials is Acenaphthylene. Data in this area may be important for taking further actions related to the modification of materials used in special fire brigade clothing and in their cleaning processes.

Fires constitute a significant threat due to the pollutants emitted and the destruction they cause. People who take part in fire-fighting operations must be equipped with appropriate tools, including special clothing that will allow them to work and guarantee safety. One of the threats are compounds from the PAH group, which are characterized by high toxicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, it is important that the materials used constitute a barrier to contamination. Various materials from which individual elements of special firefighter's clothing are made were tested. Additionally, the importance of height on the possibility of sorption of PAH compounds on a given type of material was analyzed. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the type of material and the zone in which the clothing items are used are important in the sorption processes of pollutants. Data in this area may be important for taking further actions regarding the modification of materials used in special fire brigade clothing and in their cleaning processes.