Background/Objectives: Conventional static magnetic resonance imaging may underestimate the severity of cervical cord compression by failing to account for positional changes in the spinal canal. Dynamic MRI (dMRI) captures cervical motion, allowing evaluation of cord compression under physiological loading. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on how dMRI modifies the assessment of spinal canal narrowing and signal change, and how these findings correlate with impairment and postoperative outcomes in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating the role of dMRI (flexion–extension MRI) in diagnosing or predicting outcomes of cervical degenerative pathology were included. Data were extracted on imaging protocols, diagnostic findings, quantitative parameters, and clinical outcomes. Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. dMRI consistently revealed motion-dependent stenosis and intramedullary signal changes not visible on static imaging. Extension imaging frequently demonstrated disease progression, showing altered spinal cord area, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reserve, and additional compression levels. Dynamic sequences enhanced sensitivity for pathological segment detection and improved correlation with clinical severity. Preoperative dMRI findings, particularly extension-related compression and T2 hyperintensity, predicted postoperative neurological recovery and influenced surgical planning in up to one third of cases. Conclusions: Dynamic MRI provides superior diagnostic sensitivity and prognostic information compared with static imaging by revealing motion-induced spinal cord compression and microstructural alterations. It should be considered when clinical findings exceed static MRI severity or when the symptomatic level is uncertain. Standardization of protocols and large prospective studies are needed to define evidence-based clinical indications.
Background and Objectives: Recent technological advances have introduced new interventions in the field of stroke rehabilitation. Among them, visual feedback (VF) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have gained considerable attention, with growing evidence supporting their efficacy. However, their combined application in lower limb recovery remains to be established. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the therapeutic effect of combining VF and NIBS for lower limb motor rehabilitation in stroke patients. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing VF and NIBS interventions with either their monotherapy, placebo, or standard treatment. The outcomes evaluated for lower limb function included balance, gait, and motor performance. Results: From 997 studies screened, 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 cohort studies) were included. Despite heterogeneity in the immersion level, NIBS protocols, and outcome measures, evidence emerged supporting the efficacy of combined VF and NIBS across multiple outcomes. However, the degree to which these interventions outperform standard therapies remains uncertain, primarily due to a limited number of comparator studies and the quality of the existing data. Conclusions: This review provides preliminary insights into the potential of combining VF and NIBS in stroke patients affected by lower limb motor impairments. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols and addressing demographic variability to enhance the reliability and comparability of findings.