Among the techniques for capturing nearby groundwater, the covered horizontal well (draining gallery) stands out in its different types of water mine, qanat, and cimbre. The water collected by these means is used to supply people and livestock, in irrigation, in the movement of hydraulic devices, etc. Because they are carried to the surface by gravity (without the need for energy) and because only the recharging of the groundwater table that takes place after the rains are captured, they serve as models for sustainable water use. The measured flow is variable depending on the rainfall and infiltration, but the quality of the water makes it its own water resources of great interest at the local level. The study area is the territory of the Southeast of Spain (more than 22,000 km²), with a rich hydraulic heritage. The research is a regional analysis (diachronic and compared) of several socio-hydric systems, with extensive fieldwork.

Objective: The objective of this study is to gain insight into the causes of the environmental crisis that affects the Mar Menor ecosystem and its surroundings, as well as to propose measures for a new territorial model. Theoretical Framework: It is based on the study of population growth in the Campo de Cartagena - Mar Menor region, as well as the different activities that take place there, especially focusing on regenerated water. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes regional geographic analysis for the management of the territory, with extensive field work and interviews with users of the Mar Menor; to conclude with a series of “zero discharge” proposals and cultural practices to mitigate the environmental crisis of the lagoon and its surroundings. Results and Discussion: Agriculture, urban expansion, obsolescence of sanitation networks, and other activities such as stable livestock farming and mining waste hauling have caused anthropization of the Mar Menor with eutrophication phenomena. It is advisable to promote a bottom-up participatory process of citizens, reach agreements between Administrations, and harmonize the different land uses making them compatible with the good condition of the lagoon. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, discussing the causes of the state of the lagoon and the uses of the catchment area. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing a topic of interest and concern from a comprehensive perspective, considering causes and consequences, as well as possible solutions. The relevance and value of this research are evident in its geographical approach to human-natural environment relationships.

Climate change is projected to significantly reduce water availability, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, which makes hydrological planning essential given the increasing competition for water resources. Inefficient consumption patterns exacerbate water depletion and highlight the importance of water quality management. Promoting sustainable practices, reducing consumption, and enhancing water recycling contribute to a more resilient approach. The aim of thIS study is to evaluate the reuse of reclaimed water in the Vega Alta region, which accounts for almost 15% of the total water mix (about 99 hm³/year) as it reuses 92.52% of the treated wastewater, most of which is pumped to irrigation areas targeted for consolidation, also creating new landscapes. These figures place the Region of Murcia as the leading autonomous community in Spain for water reuse, although challenges remain regarding water volumes and the associated costs, investment, and maintenance.