The paraoxonase gene family in humans consists of three members as PON1, PON2 and PON3. PON2 can be expressed in several tissues; however, it is not released from the cells in those tissues. PON2 is also expressed in macrophages. Firstly, the commonly used NSAIDs diclofenac sodium and tenoxicam were applied on U937 cell line, the in vitro human monocyte cell line. Than PON2 specific Lactonase activity and paraoxonase family specific arylesterase were determined. Use of Diclofenac sodium in 0.845 mM dose during 6–12 h of incubation and Tenoxicam in 0.74 mM dose during 6 h of incubation resulted in a significant decline in the lactonase activity. Diclofenac sodium didn’t make any change in the arylesterase activity. On the other hand, tenoxicam decreased arylesterase activity during the use of 12 h, in 0.74 mM and 1.48 mM dose.

To determine whether there is a relationship between endometrium cancer and the oncoprotein cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A). A descriptive study. Balıkesir University Medical Faculty Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey, from January 2013 to July 2018. CIP2A was studied immunohistochemically and molecularly in paraffin blocks. The correlation between CIP2A expression and different endometrial pathologies were evaluated. In addition, the relationship between CIP2A expression in tumor tissue and clinicopathological prognostic parameters and also between Ki67, P53, HER2 with CIP2A expression were investigated. A higher expression of CIP2A was found in endometrium cancer tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues. In addition, CIP2A expression according to molecular and immunohistochemical results was associated with significant poor prognostic factors such as FIGO Stage, FIGO Grade, cervical involvement, myometrial invasion and HER2 positivity. CIP2A could be a promising and therapeutic target in endometrium cancer. Invention of the complex connections of CIP2A with other oncoproteins may lead to amazing and interesting developments in both early diagnosis and treatment. Key Words: CIP2A, Endometrium cancer, Expression, Oncoprotein.

This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of methanol (AOME) and ethyl acetate (AOEE) extracts obtained from the flowers of Althaea officinalis L., which is known for its high antioxidant capacity, on prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC3), as well as their inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion, and their influence on pro-apoptotic gene expression. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while cell migration and invasion were analyzed using the scratch assay. Changes in pro-apoptotic gene expression were evaluated by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), as determined at the IC₅₀ concentrations obtained from cytotoxicity tests. The results showed that AOME and AOEE induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both cell lines. The IC₅₀ values were found to be 1.1×10⁻³ μg/mL (AOME) and 11×10⁻⁵ μg/mL (AOEE) for PC3 cells, and 0.21×10⁻³ μg/mL (AOME) and 0.45×10⁻³ μg/mL (AOEE) for LNCaP cells. Scratch assay analyses demonstrated that both extracts significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion compared to the control group. Additionally, RT-qPCR analyses revealed that pro-apoptotic gene expression was significantly increased, and anti-apoptotic gene expression was significantly decreased in treated cells (p

İnsanlar etik, ekolojik, dini veya sağlık temelli motivasyonlar sebebiyle vejetaryen veya vegan beslenmeye geçiş yapmaktadır. Vejetaryen beslenme tarzının kendi içerisinde birçok çeşidi bulunmaktadır. Fakat bu diyet çeşitlerinin farklı kapsamlar barındırmasına rağmen ortak nokta olarak hayvansal gıda tüketimin sınırlandırmış olduğu, kimi beslenme çeşitlerindeyse tamamen kaldırılmış olduğu görülmektedir. Geçmiş yıllar ile karşılaştırıldığında sayıları her geçen gün artmakta olan vejetaryen ve vegan bireyler, özellikle bu diyeti uygulamayan bireyler tarafından çeşitli olumsuz durumlara maruz bırakılabilmektedir. Bireyler hayatları boyunca sağlıklarını tehdit eden çeşitli risk faktörleriyle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Davranışsal, biyolojik, çevresel, genetik veya psikososyal olmak üzere çeşitli risk faktörleri bulunmaktadır. Psikolojik riskler insanların bireysel veya sosyal alanda olumsuz etkilenmesini kapsamaktadır. Mobbing, tehdit, baskı, hakaret, şiddet veya gelecek kaygısı gibi durumların yaşanması bireyin psikolojisinin olumsuz yönde etkilenmesine ve bunun sonucunda stres, uyku bozukluğu, depresyon gibi çeşitli risk faktörlerinin ortaya çıkmasına sebebiyet olabilmektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde vejetaryen ve vegan bireyler ile ilgili pek çok çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği göze çarpmaktadır. Fakat vegan yaşam tarzını benimseyen bireylerin yaşadığı psikososyal risklere sınırlı sayıda çalışmada değinildiği görülmüştür. Bu kapsamda gerçekleştirilen çalışma vegan yaşam tarzını benimseyen bireylerin yaşadığı psikososyal risk faktörlerinin ortaya çıkartılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olup, araştırma verilerine yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemiyle vegan ve vejetaryen bireylerden elde edilen bilgiler ışığında erişilmiştir.

Background and Objectives: Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder, typically presenting as bilateral, rhythmic, and symmetric kinetic or postural tremors. In contrast, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Although both disorders involve tremor, ET and PD differ in clinical presentation and pathophysiology: ET generally involves action tremor and has a strong familial component, while PD more commonly presents with resting tremor and a weaker family history. A subset of ET patients may develop Parkinsonian features over time, although the relationship between ET and subsequent PD remains unclear. Genetic studies have identified only a few pathogenic variants in ET, suggesting it develops as a result of multifactorial genetic and environmental influences rather than simple Mendelian inheritance. ET is also recognized as a risk factor for developing PD, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify potential genetic overlaps and distinctions in patients diagnosed with both ET and PD. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients with a family history of ET or PD who were initially diagnosed with ET and later developed PD. Genetic screening and clinical assessments were conducted to investigate associated variants and clinical features. Results: Among these 40 patients, 17 different mutations were detected in 16 individuals. Three pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified. The clinical characteristics and treatment responses of these patients were reviewed in relation to their genetic findings. Notably, none of the identified variants had previously been reported in association with PD following ET. Conclusions: A comprehensive clinical and genetic evaluation of ET patients who develop PD may offer insights into the underlying pathophysiology and inform future therapeutic strategies. Our findings support the need for further studies to explore the genetic landscape of patients with overlapping ET and PD features.