Background: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) is an undifferentiated carcinoma of the breast that was initially hyperdiploid, 100% malignantand had a short life span. It also had a high transplantability rate, no recurrence and rapid dissemination. Methods: Therefore, our study designed to assess the potential ameliorative ability of Chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds extract (CSE) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced kidney toxicity and tissue damage in mice. Forty female Swiss albino mice in all were split equally into four teams (Gp1, control; Gp2, CSE; Gp3, EAC; Gp4, EAC+CSE). Result: Current results revealed that; EAC induced elevated in the levels of serum urea, creatinine, potassium ions, chloride ions, renal tissue injury and a significant depletion in serum sodium ions, calcium ions as compared to normal control. In addition to EAC induced variable pathological changes in glomeruli and renal tubules as a marked renal damage, marked degeneration in renal tissues, moderate glomerular atrophyand marked cellular infiltration. Treatment of EAC with CSE (EAC+CSE) improved kidney functions and structure against EAC; where depletion take place in the levels of serum urea, creatinine, potassium ions, chloride ions and elevation in the levels of sodium ions, calcium ions as compared to EAC. One may draw the conclusion that CSE Having the ability to protect the kidneys from EAC cells induced kidney toxicity.

Background: The occurrence of Gram-negative (G -ve) bacteria in meat samples raises a major concern due to the possibility of drug resistance incidence since G -ve bacteria have built-in resistance mechanisms and can pass on genetic elements that enable other bacterial species to develop into drug-resistant as well. This drug resistance could be transferred to consumers through a food-borne route. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in meat samples as well as to detect their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: For this purpose, 100 meat samples (ground meat, raw burgers, frozen chicken, and chicken carcasses) were collected, and obtained isolates were identified using conventional microbiological techniques including cultural and microscopic identification. After that antibiotic susceptibility patterns were detected using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Results: Results showed that 91 of the samples were harboring Gram-negative bacteria and E.coli was the most common isolate (51.64%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.68%) while the least common isolate was each of E. coli O157:H7, Aeromonas hydrophila, Kluyvera spp., Raoultella terrigena, Hafnia alvei, and Serratia marcescens (1.10%). Susceptibility test showed that all isolates were susceptible to Meropenem and Imipenem while Ampicillin was the most resisted antibiotic. Conclusion: We conclude that meat samples harbor numerous pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria which showed antibiotic-resistant ability toward most tested drugs. However, Meropenem and Imipenem were the least resisted drugs which makes them an appropriate choice for the treatment of foodborne infections.

The field of synthetic biology has become a revolutionary tool for engineering microorganisms capable of precise, programmed cancer treatment. Unlike conventional cancer treatments, which lack safe, selective toxicity, engineered microbial cells can detect tumor-specific signals, target hypoxic environments, and deliver cytotoxic payloads more effectively in both space and time. This review presents the most recent advancements in microbial chassis engineering, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Vibrio cholera, Shigella species and L. monocytogenes along with their potential uses in targeted cancer therapy through toxin delivery, prodrug conversion, immune modulation, and tumor-specific surface display. We discuss key synthetic biology techniques that enhance safety, specificity, and genetic stability, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based genome editing, genetic logic circuits, and kill-switch systems. This review provides some highlights about the role of synthetic biology in developing oncolytic bacteria with precise targeting abilities and enhanced therapeutic stability. By analyzing comparative microbial chassis and the implementation of precise killing strategies, we address current clinical challenges and explore the future of oncolytic bacterial therapy.

Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the promising probiotics that attracts the attention of the scientific community to research its therapeutic characteristics that can provide an option to fight colon cancer. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LACFS) was evaluated by using the MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) test to measure cell viability and the high content screening assay (HCS) to detect apoptotic cell death. Result: LACFS was found to possess the highest anticancer activity on Caco-2 at 50 µg/ml. NCM425 cells were more tolerant toward LACFS than the Caco-2 when the Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 161.8 µg/ml on NCM425 compared to 30.63 µg/ml on Caco-2. When 6.25,12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml concentrations of LACFS were applied, a substantial drop in mitochondrial membrane potential occurred. A significant rise in cytochrome C release and total nuclear intensity was recorded at 25 and 50 µg/ml concentrations and the viable cell count was decreased at 12.5, 25 and 50 µg /ml, while membrane permeability was dropped at 50 µg/ml. The expression of caspase 3 was observed at 50 µg/ml only while caspase 9 expression was seen at 25 and 50 µg/ml which further indicates that the harmful effect on the Caco2 cells causes them to die through apoptosis.