This article critically examines the role of Social Network Analysis (SNA) in stakeholder mapping for territorial sustainability. Based on a systematic literature review of 14 highly relevant peer-reviewed articles (2018–2025) focused on critical application, the study interrogates the epistemological and normative assumptions embedded in common SNA applications. While SNA is often used to identify actor centrality and coordination, this review explores its potential to reveal power asymmetries, inclusion gaps, and governance legitimacy. Emergent thematic domains include stakeholder diversity, institutional performance, and reflexive approach to SNA, reframing it as both technical instrument and critical lens for democratic governance. This contribution aligns with deliberative models of public administration and aims to advance theoretical dialogue on collaborative networks, territorial resilience, and ethical governance in the sustainability context. Systematic review registration: https://www.osf.io/d6qfy/overview .

This study examines the sociodemographic, technological, and pedagogical factors associated with the frequency of digital tool use and students’ perceived learning impact in secondary education. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was used with a non-probability convenience sample of 541 students enrolled in upper General Basic Education and the Unified General Baccalaureate in Ecuador. The statistical strategy was re-specified to address sparse response categories, non-proportional odds, multicollinearity, and marked institutional concentration. For frequency of use, ‘Never’ and ‘Occasionally’ were combined and a partial proportional-odds model was estimated. For perceived impact, the proportional-odds assumption was rejected globally, so two cumulative logits were estimated using Firth bias reduction. The two outcomes were positively associated (Spearman rho = 0.281, p < 0.001). Compared with students relying on a mobile phone only, those with a personal computer had higher odds of more frequent use (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.19–2.62) and of reporting significant perceived improvement (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.12–2.79). Reparameterisation around frequent reference categories showed that perceived teacher adaptation followed a non-monotonic pattern rather than a robust inverse gradient. The positive age association disappeared after accounting for its near collinearity with school year. Because the sample was convenience-based and 84.3% of participants attended one institution, the findings are interpreted as context-specific associations rather than population estimates.

In increasingly complex and dynamic economic contexts, early financial education is considered a key component for developing skills that promote economic well-being throughout the life cycle. This study analyzes the relationship between financial education in childhood, as perceived by adults, their perceptions of financial management, budgeting and savings habits, and adult savings levels, using a cross-sectional quantitative design ( n = 2,733). Hierarchical cluster analysis on principal components (HCPC) was applied to identify distinct financial behavior profiles, followed by a binary logistic regression model (Logit) to estimate the probability of achieving higher monthly savings levels based on behavioral, perceptual, and socioeconomic variables. The model demonstrates robust discriminant capacity (AUC = 0.805). The results suggest that the development of financial skills related to saving in adulthood is not conclusively related to early financial education and can be better understood as a cumulative result of the combination of behavioral, perceptual, and socioeconomic factors. These findings support the need for a pedagogical approach based on self-regulation and structural equity.

Esta investigación buscó examinar en qué medida la implementación de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales mejora la toma de decisiones estratégicas en el ámbito de la gestión empresarial y contribuye a la comprensión del comportamiento del consumidor. Para lograr este objetivo, se empleó el marco metodológico PRISMA, que es apreciado por su rigor a la hora de realizar revisiones sistemáticas. La base de datos Scopus sirvió como repositorio principal y produjo una recopilación de 520 artículos académicos publicados entre los años 2021 y 2025, tanto en inglés como en español, clasificados como artículos científicos y revisiones bibliográficas. La metodología de búsqueda se dirigió a los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), la toma de decisiones estratégicas, la gestión empresarial y el comportamiento del consumidor. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un análisis bibliométrico utilizando el software RStudio junto con el paquete Bibliometrix, lo que permitió identificar las tendencias de investigación, los autores influyentes y los marcos conceptuales predominantes. Entre los hallazgos más destacados, se obtuvieron diez resultados fundamentales que aclaran cómo la utilización del SEM ayuda a discernir las intrincadas relaciones entre las variables, mejora la precisión en la toma de decisiones, agiliza los procesos organizacionales y fortalece el análisis del comportamiento del consumidor. Se concluye que las ecuaciones estructurales constituyen un instrumento estadístico vital para la investigación aplicada y deben incorporarse estratégicamente al análisis empresarial para fomentar una toma de decisiones más informada, eficiente y sostenible.