Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide and constitute a substantial economic burden. Despite population aging, recent years have witnessed an increasing prevalence of conditions such as heart failure (HF), including among young adults. In this context, coronary artery disease (CAD) has also become an increasingly discussed issue. It has long been recognized that control of risk factors is crucial for prevention. Researchers stress the need to monitor these factors from the earliest stages of life, and detailed analyses indicate an influence of the prenatal period on the development of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. Transgenerational and intergenerational epigenetic mechanisms are also taken into account. This review aims to systematically evaluate the existing literature and summarize the mechanisms that may link these factors. We consider epigenetic, metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory influences. We describe examples of environmental exposures, such as air pollution, maternal diet, toxins, and infections, and analyze data derived from clinical studies. We discuss gaps in the literature and identify limitations, outlining directions for future research and emphasizing the need for CVD prevention initiated at the earliest stages of life.

Ovarian tumors constitute a complex and heterogeneous group of neoplasms, encompassing both benign and highly malignant lesions. Accurate diagnosis and classification of ovarian tumor types are crucial for the personalization of therapeutic strategies and have a significant impact on patient prognosis. This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding both classical and novel biomarkers, with particular emphasis on their diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic value. Traditional markers, such as CA-125 and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), remain central to clinical diagnostics; however, their limitations highlight the need for more sensitive and specific approaches. Emerging biomarkers, including microRNAs (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and advanced panels integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, and genomic data, offer the potential for earlier detection, improved disease monitoring, and assessment of treatment response. Despite these advances, major challenges persist, particularly those associated with the heterogeneity of ovarian tumors, the high costs of testing, lack of standardization, and unequal access to diagnostic methods.

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, leading to α-galactosidase A deficiency, accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and progressive multiorgan involvement. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a central role in disease pathogenesis. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress, the relevance of oxidative damage biomarkers, and potential therapeutic implications. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using terms related to Fabry disease, Gb3 metabolism, mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory signaling, and oxidative stress markers. Clinical, experimental, and translational studies were included. Available data demonstrate that Gb3 accumulation disrupts mitochondrial function and activates NADPH oxidase, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways, resulting in excessive production of reactive oxygen species. These processes contribute to cellular injury, particularly within the cardiovascular, renal, and nervous systems. Biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, glutathione redox status, and antioxidant enzyme activities appear useful for assessing oxidative burden and monitoring therapeutic responses. Overall, current evidence underscores the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the progression of Fabry disease and highlights the need for further research into targeted antioxidant and disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.

Heart failure (HF) and other cardiac pathologies represent leading causes of hospitalization and mortality worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for effective regenerative therapies. In recent years, considerable research has focused on developing cell-based therapeutic strategies, with stem cells receiving particular attention. Approaches that harness cellular signaling pathways have also been investigated. Experimental studies conducted in both animal models and human subjects have demonstrated that cell-based therapies hold remarkable potential, showing efficacy through improvements in cardiac function, patient quality of life, and overall safety. Clinical data concerning therapies based on cellular signals, while sometimes inconclusive, often yield outcomes comparable to or even superior to those of cell-based interventions. Nonetheless, both approaches face substantial challenges, including the need to ensure reproducibility of results, standardization of therapeutic product preparation, and addressing ethical and regulatory considerations. To translate these promising strategies into clinical practice, a greater number of large-scale, multicenter, and diverse clinical trials will be required.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. Among the standard therapeutic approaches are percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) employing stents. The main limitation of the procedure lies in the permanent stiffening of the vessel wall. The DynamX Bioadaptor, representing a new generation of vascular stents, combines the advantages of standard implants with a unique mechanism—“uncaging.” Its helical structure, linked by a biodegradable material, enables the restoration of the vessel’s natural functions. This breakthrough concept in interventional cardiology holds the potential to establish a new standard of care for patients suffering from CAD. In this work, we aim to synthesize the available evidence concerning the characteristics of the DynamX Bioadaptor and its impact on vascular physiology. We provide a comprehensive review and evaluation of current clinical reports on its use, analyzing the available literature in comparison with other stent technologies. Recognizing that the DynamX Bioadaptor is a relatively recent innovation, we also seek to identify existing gaps in the literature and propose future directions for research to fully assess its long-term clinical potential.

Although Kawasaki disease (KD) has been known since 1967, when it was first described by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki, the literature indicates that its etiology—similarly to Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)—remains largely unclear and is the subject of intensive research. The former disease, which typically occurs shortly after infection, is the most common cause of primary vasculitis in children worldwide. The latter—MIS-C, associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection—is characterized by involvement of at least two organ systems. Undoubtedly, both diseases exhibit heightened immune system activity and significant inflammation. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed towards alterations in the microbiota observed in affected patients. We undertake an analysis and systematic review of the current scientific findings in this field. We emphasize the role of the microbiome—which encompasses not only bacteria but also viruses, fungi, parasites, and archaea—in health and disease. We track its composition from birth and highlight factors influencing its diversity, such as the mode of delivery. We recognize the microbiome’s role in reducing the likelihood of allergic diseases in children and its interactions with the immune system. In addition to comparing the pathomechanisms and clinical manifestations of KD and MIS-C, also known as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS), we investigate microbiota alterations in these conditions and analyze potential applications of microbiome knowledge, for example, in identifying diagnostic markers. We also point out potential directions for future research, such as the use of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in MIS-C and the long-term changes in the gut microbiota associated with these diseases, which remain poorly documented and currently represent significant gaps in knowledge.