Aim: The aim of this prospective, controlled, non-randomized study was the comparison of the retinal microvascular parameters of obese and nonobese adults. Methods: 184 eyes of 92 subjects were separated to 3 groups. 68 eyes were in the normal weight group, with a body mass index between 18.5 and 24.5 kg/ m2, 60 eyes were in the overweight group, with a body mass index between 25-29.9 kg/ m2, and 56 eyes were in the obese group, with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/ m2. All the volunteers were applied visual acuity, ocular motility testing, and slit lamp and mydriatic fundus examination. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) scanning was practiced with Optovue (Optovue, Inc; Fremont, CA) on a 6.00 x 6.00 mm macular region, in the central fovea. Results: 184 eyes of ninety-two patients were involved in this prospective study. The vessels' density (VD) in the optic nerve head (ONH) were significantly lower in the overweight and obese adult volunteers compared to the normal weight control group. However, other OCTA parameters (including macular VDs, Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), choriocapillaris plexus (CCP) area) did not demonstrate any significant difference between groups. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) was higher in the overweight and obese patients when compared to the normal weight control group. Central macular thickness (CMT) did not reveal any significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Even though clinicians are limited in pointing out any differential findings in obese patients only by fundus examination, OCT-A provides a predictable view of the microvascular changes in the retina and choroid in obese patients. Abbreviations: BMI = Body mass index, WHO = World Health Organization, AMD = Age-related macular degeneration, CT = Choroidal thickness, OCTA = Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, (W/H) ratio = Waist-hip ratio, ETDRS = Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, VD = Vessel density, SCP = Superficial capillary plexus, DCP = Deep capillary plexus, CCP = Flow area of the choriocapillaris, FAZ = Avascular zone, CMT = Central macular thickness, ONH = Optic nerve head.

Aim: To examine ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), without any structural and functional macular changes to evaluate the initial symptoms of macular toxicity for early diagnosis before clinical evaluation.

Introduction To evaluate early postoperative changes in the posterior corneal surface, anterior chamber parameters, and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) scores following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using Pentacam tomography. Methods This observational study included 102 eyes of 51 patients (mean age 28.43 ± 6.27 years) undergoing alcohol-assisted PRK for myopia and/or astigmatism. Preoperative and 1-month postoperative assessments were performed using the Pentacam system, measuring, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness, posterior keratometry, posterior elevation, and BAD scores. PRK was conducted with a WaveLight^® EX 500 excimer laser, followed by mitomycin-C application. Statistical analysis utilized paired t-tests and Pearson’s correlation. Results At 1 month post-PRK, ACV significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while ACD reduction was not significant (p = 0.40). Posterior keratometry (K1, K2, Kmean) and astigmatism decreased (p < 0.01), with a mean posterior elevation increase of −2.50 ± 2.94 µm (p < 0.01). A weak negative correlation was observed between maximum posterior elevation difference and ablation depth (p = 0.03, r = −0.20) and ablation depth/preoperative pachymetry ratio (p = 0.03, r = −0.20). BAD-D scores (Dp, Dt, Da, total D) significantly increased (p < 0.01), except for Df (p = 0.41). No correlation was found with preoperative pachymetry or residual stroma. Conclusions PRK induces minimal posterior corneal protrusion and BAD score changes at 1 month, potentially mimicking early ectasia. Multimodal testing is advised for accurate ectasia detection. Larger, longer-term studies are needed to validate these findings.

Effects of Lotrafilcon A and Senofilcon A Bandage Contact Lenses on Visual Outcome and Ocular Comfort After Photorefractive Keratectomy - Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology

In the case, we aim to point out the way to manage the cataract with nystagmus under topical anesthesia in phacoemulsification surgery. A 62-year-old female patient came to department of ophthalmology in January 2020 with a complaint of blurry vision in her right eye for a year. The observed visual acuity of the subject's right eye was measured to be 0.15. During the biomicroscopic examination, the presence of bilateral nystagmus and cortical cataract was observed. The iris and retina were found to be undamaged. No lens subluxation was seen. Under topical anesthesia in phacoemulsification surgery, globe stabilization was provided by holding the conjunctival pouch. With one hand and with the other hand, capsulorhexis, the most critical part of the operation was achieved. The case we present is close to point out the easy method to explain to manage this kind of cataracts. How to cite this article: Alaçamlı G. How to manage the cataract with nystagmus under topical anesthesia: A case report. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230329. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230329 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

To compare and evaluate the interchangeability and agreement between corneal keratometry measurements (flattest-steepest keratometry, mean keratometry and corneal astigmatism) using partial coherence interferometry reflectometry optical biometry (Nidek AL Scan, 2.4–3.3 mm zones, Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan), corneal aberrometer/topographer (Nidek OPD Scan II, Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) and standard autorefractokeratometer (Topcon KR 8900, Topcon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) a total of 360 right eyes of 360 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 24.37±3.91 years were enrolled in this prospective comparative study. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate pairwise comparisons. The Bland–Altman test with 95% limits of agreement was used to evaluate the agreement between the three devices. There were no statistically significant differences between all keratometric values of the Nidek AL Scan obtained in the 2.4 and 3.3 mm zones (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in AstK values between the Nidek AL Scan (2.4 -3.3 mm zone) and the Nidek OPD Scan II pairwise comparisons (p>0.05). When the K1, K2, and Kmean values measured with the Nidek OPD Scan II and Topcon KR 8900 were compared with the Nidek AL Scan (2.4 -3.3 mm zone), a statistically significant difference was found (p