Purpose: To examine the effects of chronic smoking on vascular density in superficial and deep retinal vascular plexuses and choroidal thicknesses. Method: Superficial and deep vessel densities and choroidal thicknesses of smoking volunteers and healthy non-smoking volunteers were measured with the Topcon DRI OCT-1 Tritron® device and compared with each other. Results: This study included 108 eyes of 54 smoking volunteers and 108 eyes of 54 healthy volunteers as a control group. The average superficial vascular density index and deep vascular density indexes of smokers were found to be 39.81 ± 1.5% and 42.53 ± 1.9%, respectively (P = 0.53), while the non-smoking control group was 40.09 ± 1.3% and 41.57 ± 1.6%, respectively (P = 0.006). Average choroidal thicknesses were 284.22 ± 59 in smokers and 270.72 ± 61 in the control group (P = 0.247). Also, smoking quantity per day x years was found to be significantly negatively correlated with average choroidal thicknesses. (P = 0,011). Discussion: In this study, it was determined that chronic smoking increases deep retinal vascular densities on retinal vascular plexus. However, the cumulative effect of smoking was found to be negatively correlated with choroidal thicknesses. Smoking has microvascular effects on vessels such as vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased platelet aggregation, endothelial dysfunction. However, studies in the literature are in dispute with the effects of smoking on choroidal and retinal vessels. This study may show that chronic smoking may have different vascular effects on the superficial and deep plexuses and choroidal vessels, as well as different effects from acute use.

To investigate the effect of religious fasting and dehydration at Ramadan on choroidal thickness and vessel density in the superficial and deep vascular plexuses with OCTA. The choroidal thickness, and superficial and deep vessel density indices of fasting healthy subjects were measured with an OCTA device, and compared with non-fasting measurements. The study included 70 eyes of 35 healthy subjects with a mean age of 42.86 ± 8.3 years. The measured choroidal thickness, superficial vessel density index and deep vessel density index were 288.89 ± 67 µm, 40.56% and 41.43%, respectively when measured in the fasting period, compared to 284.62 ± 65 µm, 40.41% and 41.41%, respectively when measured in the non-fasting period. The choroidal thickness under the fovea center was found to be significantly higher in the fasting period than in the non-fasting period (p = 0.014). The mean total choroidal thickness was found to be reduced in the non-fasting period, although not to a statistically significant degree (p > 0.05). An analysis of the mean total superficial and deep vascular plexuses revealed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.368, p = 0.938 respectively). Although a significant increase was noted in central choroidal thickness in the fasting period, no significant change due to fasting was observed in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses. The choroidal layer may vary in thickness due to fasting-related metabolic factors, while retinal vessels are more stable against such effects.

Introduction To evaluate early postoperative changes in the posterior corneal surface, anterior chamber parameters, and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) scores following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using Pentacam tomography. Methods This observational study included 102 eyes of 51 patients (mean age 28.43 ± 6.27 years) undergoing alcohol-assisted PRK for myopia and/or astigmatism. Preoperative and 1-month postoperative assessments were performed using the Pentacam system, measuring, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness, posterior keratometry, posterior elevation, and BAD scores. PRK was conducted with a WaveLight^® EX 500 excimer laser, followed by mitomycin-C application. Statistical analysis utilized paired t-tests and Pearson’s correlation. Results At 1 month post-PRK, ACV significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while ACD reduction was not significant (p = 0.40). Posterior keratometry (K1, K2, Kmean) and astigmatism decreased (p < 0.01), with a mean posterior elevation increase of −2.50 ± 2.94 µm (p < 0.01). A weak negative correlation was observed between maximum posterior elevation difference and ablation depth (p = 0.03, r = −0.20) and ablation depth/preoperative pachymetry ratio (p = 0.03, r = −0.20). BAD-D scores (Dp, Dt, Da, total D) significantly increased (p < 0.01), except for Df (p = 0.41). No correlation was found with preoperative pachymetry or residual stroma. Conclusions PRK induces minimal posterior corneal protrusion and BAD score changes at 1 month, potentially mimicking early ectasia. Multimodal testing is advised for accurate ectasia detection. Larger, longer-term studies are needed to validate these findings.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the agreement and interchangeability between a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based biometer (REVO FC) and a partial coherence interferometry (PCI) device (AL Scan). Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional study included 60 right eyes of 60 patients aged 40–82 years, diagnosed with senile cataracts. Measurements of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry (K1, K2), and astigmatism vector components (J0, J45) were conducted using both devices. Paired comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests. Agreement was evaluated using Bland–Altman analysis, while correlation and reliability were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in AL ( p = 0.507) or ACD ( p = 0.218), with excellent correlations (AL: r = 0.998; ACD: r = 0.945). Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated excellent agreement for AL measurements, with a mean difference (bias) of − 0.01 mm and narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA: −0.245 to 0.225 mm). For ACD, the mean difference was 0.02 mm, with a moderately wider LoA (− 0.244 to 0.288 mm), indicating an acceptable but less robust agreement compared to AL. The keratometric values were significantly higher with REVO FC (K1: +0.76 D; K2: +0.94 D; both p < 0.001), indicating a systematic bias. Despite strong correlations (K1: r = 0.980; K2: r = 0.924), the Bland–Altman analysis revealed wide limits of agreement. J0 exhibited no significant difference ( p = 0.889), whereas J45 differed significantly ( p = 0.028). Both vector components demonstrated moderate agreement, with relatively wide limits of agreement. Conclusion: REVO FC and AL Scan demonstrate excellent agreement for AL and ACD measurements and may be used interchangeably for these parameters. However, significant discrepancies in keratometric and astigmatic measurements limit their interchangeability.

Amaç: Sjögren Sendromu (SS) esas olarak ekzokrin bezleri tutan ve tükrük ve gözyaşı bezlerinin tutulumu sonucu ağız ve gözlerin kuruluğu ile karakterize sistemik otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Hepatit C virüs (HCV) enfeksiyonu ile SS/sicca sendromu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. HCV hem SS’nun etyolojisinde suçlanmış hem de sicca sendromu HCV enfeksiyonunun karaciğer dışı belirtilerinden biri olarak gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Göz Hastalıkları kliniğine başvuran ve SS tanısı alan hastalarda Anti-HCV seroprevalansının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Veriler hastane otomasyon sisteminden retrospektif olarak elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Şubat 2017 ile Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasındaki göz polikliniğine başvuran ve sjögren sendromu tanısı ile siklosporin reçetelenen toplam 2281 hasta verisi elde edildi. Otomasyon sisteminden bu hastaların 521 tanesinin anti-HCV testi yapıldığı saptandı. Yedi hastada (%1,3) anti-HCV testi pozitif bulundu. Anti-HCV testi pozitif olanların olmayanlara göre yaş ortalamaları anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunurken cinsiyetler arasında fark bulunmadı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada kuru göz semptomu olan hastalarda anti-HCV pozitifliği genel populasyonla benzer bulunmuştur. Kuru göz semptomu olan tüm hastaların SS açısından değerlendirilmesi ve HCV enfeksiyonu ile birlikteliği akılda tutularak anti-HCV testlerinin yapılması daha sağlıklı veriler elde edilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate 6-month changes in iridocorneal angle morphology, central vault, and intraocular pressure after toric phakic intraocular lens implantation, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.Methods: This retrospective single-surgeon cohort included 21 right eyes of 21 patients who completed 1- and 6-month follow-up after toric phakic intraocular lens implantation. Angle opening distance and trabecular–iris space area at 500 and 750 µm, and trabecular–iris angle, were measured nasally and temporally. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber width, vault, intraocular pressure, and spherical equivalent were also recorded.Results: Spherical equivalent improved from −8.06 ± 2.43 D to −0.32 ± 0.32 D at 6 months (p < 0.001). Vault was 578 ± 89 µm at 1 month and 559 ± 81 µm at 6 months (p = 0.006); all eyes remained within 250–750 µm. Trabecular–iris angle decreased by 42.3%, and angle opening distance and trabecular–iris space area by 52–59% (all p < 0.001), with no further narrowing after month 1. Intraocular pressure was 14.5 ± 2.4, 20.9 ± 3.7, and 17.8 ± 3.3 mmHg at the three visits. Six-month vault correlated with preoperative anterior chamber width (r = 0.47; p = 0.030) and axial length (r = 0.44; p = 0.046).Conclusion: Toric phakic intraocular lens implantation was associated with early angle narrowing followed by stabilization through month 6. Vault remained within 250–750 µm. Associations between postoperative vault, anterior chamber width, and axial length were exploratory.