Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of primary health care nurses and midwives in breast cancer early diagnosis applications Aliye Bulut,1 Aziz Bulut2 1Department of Nursing, Higher School of Health, Bingol University, 2Department of General Surgery, Bingol State Hospital, Bingol, Turkey Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the nurses and midwives about the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at 9 family medical ­centers (FMCs) and 1 community health center (CHC) in Bingol; the population of this research consisted of 25 midwives and 38 nurses. The protocol for this study was approved by the regional ethics committee of Bingol University. The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The purpose of this study was explained to the nurses and midwives who participated, and their written and verbal permission was obtained; great care was taken to ensure that they understood participation was voluntary. A questionnaire of 41 questions was used for the data collection. Results: When the age distribution of nurses and midwives was examined, it was found that 96.8% of them were aged ≤39 years. A total of 92.0% of midwives and 84.2% of nurses practiced breast self-examination (BSE). A total of 56% of the married women practiced family planning, and the most frequent method was using contraceptive pills. A total of 88.9% of the women had never had hormonal treatment for any reason. The BSE knowledge level of 65% of the women, who performed clinical breast examination, was complete. Among the women who had full knowledge of BSE, 38.5% of them performed examination once every 6 months, 23.0% of them once a year and 38.5% of them once every 3 years. Conclusion: This research showed that the deficiencies for nurses and midwives regarding the early diagnosis methods of breast cancer have been identified, and supporting these deficiencies with training is recommended. Keywords: nurses, midwives, primary health care, breast self-examination

Objective: Orthorexia Nervosa/Healthy Eating Obsession is defined as a pathological obsession for consuming appropriate and healthy food. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in academicians working in a public university and the influencing factors. Methods: This study was concluded between 01 January– 01 March 2020 to determine the prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa and its correlation with influencing factors. The data of the study were collected using the Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40) and the ORTO-11 along with the information form. Results: In this study, it was observed that an advanced age caused a higher risk of eating disorder. In addition, the variables of being in the age range of 34-41 years, being female, and receiving undergraduate education were significant in terms of reducing the risk of Orthorexia Nervosa (p>0.05). Conclusion: Factors such as industrialization, developments in the socio-economic structure, and mass media cause changes and new tendencies in dietary habits and food consumption. As it is believed that these conditions will become even more widespread in the future and affect all sections of society, including academicians who are accepted to be a risk group due to their perfectionist structure; it is of prime importance to raise awareness of society and inform individuals from a multidisciplinary approach including dieticians.

Amaç: Bu araştırma, bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin basınç yaralarını önlemeye yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki bir ilin merkezinde bulunan bir kamu hastanesinde çalışan toplam 246 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada evrenin tamamına ulaşılmaya çalışılmış ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 241 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan 31 soruluk “Anket Formu” kullanılmıştır. Literatürden destek alınarak oluşturulan anketteki veriler; hemşirelerin basınç ülserlerini önlemeye yönelik tutumlarını incelemek amacıyla 18 sorudan oluşan Hemşire Tanıtım Formu ve 13 sorudan oluşan Basınç Ülserlerini Önlemeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Lisans mezunu hemşirelerin basınç ülserlerinin etkisine yönelik, basınç ülserlerini önlemede kişisel sorumluluğa yönelik ve basınç ülserlerini önlemenin etkinliğine yönelik tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Lise mezunlarının ise basınç ülserlerini önlemek için bireysel yeterliliğe yönelik tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu ve gruplar arasındaki farkın anlamlı olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda, hemşirelerin basınç ülserini önlemeye yönelik tutum düzeylerinde eksiklikler mevcuttur. Bu bağlamda; her kurum standartlara ve yeniliklere uygun basınç ülseri bakım protokolleri belirlemeli, klinik uygulama rehberleri geliştirmeli ve uygunluğunun denetlemesini sağlamalıdır. Objective: This study was conducted in order to investigate the attitudes of nurses working in a state hospital towards prevention of pressure ulcers. Material and Methods: The population of the present study consisted of a total of 246 nurses, who were working in a public hospital located in a city center in Eastern Anatolia Region. The study, it was attempted to reach the whole population, and the data were collected from 241 nurses who voluntarily participated in the study. A “Questionnaire” with 31 questions, which was prepared by the researchers, was used to collect the data. The data on the questionnaire prepared by the support of literature were collected using Nurse Information Form with 18 questions to investigate attitudes of nurses towards prevention of pressure ulcers as well as Attitude Towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument consisting of 13 questions. Results: The nurses with high school degree were determined to have higher attitudes towards the effect of pressure ulcers, towards the personal responsibility to prevent pressure ulcers, and towards the effectiveness of prevention of pressure ulcer. Attitudes of the nurses with high school degree towards personal sufficiency to prevent pressure ulcers were higher and the difference between the groups was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study revealed that attitude levels of nurses towards pressure ulcer prevention had some deficiencies. Within this context, each institution should determine pressure ulcer care protocols appropriate to standards and innovations, develop clinical practice guides, and ensure supervision of their convenience.

Purpose: This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the relationship between type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and anxiety. Method: This study was conducted between August and September 2015 at Bingol State Hospital. The study included 131 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) followed up at the Internal Diseases Polyclinic of Bingol State Hospital. The questionnaire used in the study consisted of two parts. The first part of the questionnaire comprised a set of questions querying the sociodemographic characteristics and the second part comprised the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: The incidence of Type 1 DM was found to be higher among female compared to male patients, whereas type 2 DM was found to be higher among male compared to female patients, and this difference was statistically significant. According to the results of Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) applied to the patients to examine their psychological states, 94.2% of male and 96.8% of female patients were found to be in the severe anxiety group. Among both male and female patients, BAS scores of the type 2 DM patients were higher than those of type 1 DM patients. When the distribution of BAS scores among the patients was examined, it was found that males received 44.7±13.2 points and females received 47.0±13.0 as mean value, but no statistically significant difference was found between BAS scores by sex. Unlike female patients, the difference between duration of disease and BAS score was found to be statistically significant in male patients. Conclusion: In planning the treatment of patients with diabetes, evaluating them mentally will help to provide optimal treatment and care services.

Objective: The aim of the research is to determine the impact of socio-demographic-cultural characteristics and educational background on the approach to Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) practices among healthcare students. Material and Methods: The research was designed as a quantitative and descriptive-cross-sectional study and carried out with health educated students from two different universities. Results: 59.4% of the participants reported using TCAM; 21.2% reported having experienced problems with the practices they applied, while 68.8% preferred this method to others. The variables of age, university, marital status, long-term location of residence, perceived income, chronic disease status, smoking, source of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine information, any problems following TCAM use and post- TCAM experience were found effective. Conclusion: TCAM training should be included in the education programs of students receiving health education so as to provide them with accurate information on the matter.

This study was conducted to determine the traditional methods known and applied by the women living in the city center of Bingöl for mother and infant care. The population of this study was composed of women aged 20 years old and over and the number of women meeting this definition is 88.265 according to 2018 data of Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). The minimum number of people was determined as 596 that needed to be included in the sample with deviation of 4% [(n=Nt2pq/d2(N-1)+t2pq), (N=88,265, p=0.5, q=0.5, d=0.04), t=1.96)] and the study was completed with 600 women. A questionnaire consisting of 48 questions prepared by the researchers as a result of the literature review about the subject was applied to the women meeting the inclusion criteria. It was found that those who had a high educational level, were employed, had planned pregnancy, and had less than 3 pregnancies and live births considered traditional practices as insignificant. It is recommended to provide training to the women starting from the prenatal period about pregnancy, labor, puerperium, and baby care, to inform them about wrong traditional practices, and to conduct this training continuously and regularly.