Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of all childhood leukemias, mostly affecting children between 2 and 4 years old. Oral symptoms, such as mouth ulcers, mucositis, xerostomia, Herpes or Candidiasis, gingival enlargement and bleeding, petechiae, erythema, mucosal pallor and atrophic glossitis, are very common symptoms of ALL and can be early signs of the disease. Secondary and tertiary complications, a direct effect of chemo and radiotherapy, are associated with more severe bleeding, higher susceptibility to infections, ulcerations, inflammation of the mucous membranes, osteoradionecrosis, xerostomia, taste alterations, trismus, carious lesions and dental abnormalities. Immunotherapy, though less toxic, causes oral dysesthesia and pain. Overall, the effects in the oral cavity are transient but there are long-term consequences like caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss that impair endodontic and orthodontic treatments. Also, dental abnormalities resulting from disturbed odontogenesis are known to affect a child’s quality of life. The medical dentist should identify these complications and perform appropriate oral care in tandem with other health professionals. Thus, poor oral hygiene can lead to systemic ALL complications. The aim of this review is to describe the oral complications in children with ALL who are undergoing chemo, radio or immunotherapy.

Background: Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition caused by bacterial plaque and several factors like diabetes, smoking, titanium bio-tribocorrosion, implant–abutment micromovements, occlusal overload, cement remnants, and poor oral hygiene, resulting in bone resorption. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relationship between titanium metal particles and the development of peri-implantitis, specifically the characterisation of the inflammatory response regarding cytokine profile, immune cell infiltration, and transcription factors up-regulated in the peri-implant sites. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, from January 2004 to January 2025, in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley Library. The inclusion criteria included in vivo human studies and in vitro studies with a focus on bio-tribocorrosion of titanium particles in peri-implant tissues, and their immunological and cellular implications. Quality assessment of in vivo transversal and case–control studies used Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools, and, for in vitro studies, the modified CONSORT checklist. Results: A total of 27 studies were included, 20 in vitro and 7 in vivo. Titanium particles induced the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by peri-implant cells, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and RANKL/OPG bone resorption, further stimulating an exacerbated inflammatory response, LPS independent. There was a significant increase in IL-33, an alarmin, possibly associated with implant–pillar micromovements. IL-8 production by gingival stromal cells and fibroblasts, and downregulation of CCR7 can explain an altered leukocyte migration and the mixture of M1/M2 macrophage populations in peri-implantitis. Conclusions: Titanium particle bio-tribocorrosion stimulates a chronic inflammatory response impacting immune cell composition and cytokine secretion in peri-implant tissue, leading, ultimately, to osteolysis. Modulation of the immune response may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies and the prevention of implant failure.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are defined as vascular dilatations greater than 50% of the normal proximal segment or those that have a maximum diameter above 3 cm. Risk factors include male gender, age over 75 years, history of vascular pathology, hypertension and arteriosclerosis. The Authors describe a case of a 74-year-old man, evaluated in an emergency setting for right lumbar pain lasting 4 days. The pain did not respond to analgesia and became progressively worse. Due to the severity of symptoms, CT angiography was performed, which showed an active rupture of a partially contained aneurysm associated with aortic dissection. Early diagnosis and timely management of aortic aneurysms are essential in preventing complications, namely rupture (50-83% patients die after rupture and before receiving medical care). Acute aortic dissection is a surgical emergency and the risk of rupture is proportional to the size of the aneurysm and its rate of growth.

The purpose of this work was to analyse published data on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) and SARS-CoV-2 infection: susceptibility, post-infection autoimmune disease (AD) exacerbation, immunosuppressive therapies and long COVID. Supported by PICO strategy, two independent reviewers conducted the research in the PubMed/Medline database from January 2020 to June 2022 and included 16 articles on RA, 25 on MS and 12 on SLE. The quality assessment of the studies was performed using criteria from the National Institute of Health. Patients with RA or SLE had increased susceptibility to contracting SARS-CoV-2. It was higher in RA and increased with the patients’ comorbidities. For MS, susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 was similar to the general population. Post-infection AD exacerbation occurred in AR, SLE and MS with an increased number of hospitalisations and deaths. Regarding therapies, in RA the use of glucocorticoids (GC) was associated with a worsening of the infection. A more severe clinical picture was associated with anti-CD20 in SLE and with anti-CD20 and methylprednisolone in MS. Considering long COVID, RA and SLE patients had a higher risk of complications opposite to MS patients. There was a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in rheumatological diseases AR and SLE, exacerbated by age and comorbidities. For RA and MS, GC aggravated the infection and for SLE and MS anti-CD20 antibodies use. In all AD there was exacerbation and worsening of the clinical picture translated in long COVID, the latter with MS exception.

The purpose of this reflection is to analyse the innovative version of the myth of Electra conceived by Ivo de Castro Oliveira, taking into account the traditions involved. The combination is exotic, articulating two of the most popular myths in Antiquity: that of the Atreids and that of the Labdacids. A careful evaluation of the characters and roles attributed to them justifies the title: the figure of Electra is central, as the articulating pole of the other tensions, but it is above all the family connections that matter. New dramatic strategies (such as the fluctuation of dramatic time, a determining factor in the structure of the play) deserve attention for their contribution to the reformulation of old motifs. Context factors, typical of the end of the 20th century, also mark this return to the ‘Atreids’ theme in an original way. And so the diagram of a recreation that has everything to be innovative is built, without, paradoxically, disfiguring the sources to which it resorts.