Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis (S. Abortusovis) infection is one of the most important causes of infectious late-term abortion as well as birth of weak lambs in sheep in many countries throughout the world. Implementation of protocols based on the application of effective vaccines is one of the most effective approaches for controlling this disease, but variable efficacy has been reported, possibly related to factors associated with the host, the vaccine, the parameters used for determining efficacy and the challenge protocols. In this context, a new commercial inactivated vaccine (INMEVA; Laboratorios Hipra S.A., Spain) was evaluated in 20 control and 17 vaccinated gestating ewes, subcutaneously challenged at 90 days of gestation with 5 × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) of a wild strain of S. Abortusovis. Incidence of reproductive failures, bacterial vaginal excretion (by real time PCR), and lamb survival were evaluated as indicators of the vaccine's level of protection. Moreover, humoral response (by ELISA test in serum samples) was studied. Vaccination was showed to be safe under the study conditions. Vaccine efficacy was demonstrated in two different ways: i) it significantly decreased the percentage of abortions [29.4% (5/17) in the vaccinated group compared to the control group (65%; 13/20)] and ii) there was a significant reduction of the overall vaginal excretion in the sampling period (3.05 log cfu/mL ± 0.84 in the vaccinated group vs. 5.68 ± 0.67 in the control group). Given these results, the vaccine evaluated can be considered as an effective alternative for controlling S. Abortusovis infection in ovine flocks.

A new multivalent vaccine (DIVENCE^®), containing live gE/tk double-gene-deleted BoHV-1, live-attenuated BRSV, inactivated PI3, and BVDV-1, and BVDV-2 recombinant proteins, has been designed to protect cattle against the main viral pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of DIVENCE^® against BRD in field conditions. A total of 360 animals from three different farms were included in this study. Calves were randomly distributed to the vaccinated (n = 183; DIVENCE^®) or control (n = 177; phosphate-buffered saline solution) group. All animals received two intramuscular doses (2 mL/dose) three weeks apart of the corresponding product. The entire fattening period (approximately 9 months) was monitored to assess the incidence, severity, and morbidity of BRD as well as administered treatments and growth performance. During this study, a BRSV outbreak was reported in one farm, where vaccinated animals had significantly (p < 0.02) lower morbidity (20.4%) and severity (score of 1.70) compared to the control group (53.70% and score of 2.11). Overall, vaccinated animals had a significantly lower number of cases (p < 0.001; 0.36 vs. 0.64 cases/calf), lower morbidity (p < 0.004; 26.78% vs. 41.24%), and lower antimicrobial treatments (p = 0.01; 33.3% vs. 57.4%) than control animals. Vaccinated animals presented significantly (p = 0.01) higher carcass weight than controls (6.58 kg). Vaccination with DIVENCE^® at the beginning of the fattening period decreased the incidence and morbidity of BRD following a BRSV outbreak. Additionally, the overall incidence and morbidity of BRD throughout the entire fattening period were reduced across farms. Thus, DIVENCE^® can improve economic outcomes in fattening units by reducing antibiotic treatments and enhancing performance.

Background/Objectives: A new multivalent vaccine (DIVENCE^® PENTA), containing Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2 recombinant proteins, live gE/tk double gene deleted Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1 or IBR), live attenuated Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and inactivated parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3) has been designed to protect cattle against the main viral pathogens associated with Bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of DIVENCE^® PENTA against experimental infections with BVDV-1, BVDV-2, IBR, BRSV and PI-3 in young calves. Methods: Ten-week-old calves were given two intramuscular doses three weeks apart. The efficacy was evaluated by means of an experimental challenge three weeks after vaccination. Serology, clinical signs, rectal temperature, white blood cell count, viral shedding and lung lesions were monitored after the challenge. Results/Conclusions: The results demonstrated a significant sparing of BRD in calves vaccinated with DIVENCE^® PENTA, as evidenced by fewer clinical signs, lower rectal temperatures, reduced viral shedding and less severe pulmonary lesions compared to control animals. A significant reduction in hyperthermia, leukopenia and viraemia post-challenge was also observed, highlighting the efficacy of the multivalent vaccine against BVDV types 1 and 2, IBR, BRSV and PI-3 in young calves.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections cause enormous economic losses in the swine production sector. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy against the complex clinical entities caused by these pathogens. While effective vaccines against PCV2 are available, immunisation against Mhyo continues to be challenging. In parallel, intradermal (ID) vaccination can optimise time and costs while providing faster and user-safe administration. This study compares the safety and efficacy of commercial porcine vaccines against Mhyo and PCV2, including intramuscular (IM) and ID ones: (1) ID recombinant Mhyo-PCV2, (2) ID recombinant PCV2 + ID inactivated Mhyo, (3) IM bivalent inactivated Mhyo and recombinant PCV2, (4) IM bivalent inactivated Mhyo and inactivated chimeric PCV1-PCV2 and (5) IM inactivated Mhyo + IM inactivated PCV2. Safety, evaluated through clinical signs, adverse effects, local reactions, and average daily weight gain, has been confirmed for all vaccines. Following challenge with both pathogens, all products reduced PCV2 viremia and faecal shedding, proving efficacy against PCV2 infection. In contrast, only the ID recombinant Mhyo-PCV2 and the IM inactivated Mhyo + IM inactivated PCV2 vaccines, significantly reduced lung lesions related to Mhyo infection, indicating a better protection compared to the other vaccines.

Background/Objectives: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an incurable, highly contagious disease caused by different RHD virus (RHDV) strains, such as the coexisting RHDV2 and classical RHDV. Disease control is based on vaccination using different or polyvalent vaccines. This study assessed the protective efficacy, onset of immunity (OOI), and duration of immunity (DOI) of a new recombinant vaccine containing a single active substance developed to target both strains: against RDHV2, highly virulent RDHV2 (hvRHDV2), and classical RDHV strains. Methods: This study included six randomized, controlled, blinded trials in clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits. Rabbits were grouped to receive the recombinant vaccine or placebo (1:1 ratio) and challenged with RHDV2 (2¹⁵ hemagglutination [HA], infective dose; n = 39 for duration and n = 43 for onset), hvRHDV2 (2¹⁵ HA; n = 48 and n = 40), or classical RHDV (2¹² hemagglutination [HA], infective dose; n = 20 and n = 22) strains to evaluate OOI and DOI. Results: Rabbits receiving the vaccine showed a lower mortality than those receiving placebo upon challenge with any of the three strains. OOI trials showed that vaccinated rabbits exhibited higher levels of antibodies against RHDV2 than controls seven days post-vaccination. DOI trials revealed that, compared with controls, vaccinated rabbits had increased levels of antibodies against RHDV2 across all time points assessed, at least until the day of the viral challenge with any of the RHDV strains (approximately 12 months post-vaccination). Conclusions: This recombinant vaccine is the first to show a durable and robust protection against all tested strains, including the RHDV2, hvRHDV2, and classical RHDV strains, underscoring its potential as a comprehensive tool for RHD prevention.