Fluid therapy is the cornerstone of early supportive therapy in acute pancreatitis (AP). Regrettably, the type of fluid is still debated among clinicians, despite recent evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We aimed to incorporate all evidence from RCTs comparing lactated Ringer’s solution (LR) with normal saline (NS) in adult and pediatric AP patients, with particular emphasis on clinically relevant outcomes. We evaluated RCTs comparing intravenous fluid resuscitation with LR to NS in adult or pediatric AP patients according to a prospectively registered protocol (CRD42021224542). Moderate-to-severe AP (MSAP), mortality, length of hospitalization (LoH), need for intensive care, the incidence of systemic (organ failure, OF) and local complications (in total), necrosis and pseudocyst formation were analyzed separately. Risk ratio (RR) and median difference (MD) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effect model. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed. Altogether, 8 eligible RCTs were found, including 557 patients (LR: 278; NS: 279). LR reduced the risk of MSAP by 31% (RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36–0.97, high quality) and the risk of death by 62% (RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24–0.98, very low quality). LR was associated with a significantly lower risk of need for intensive care (RR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33–0.77), OF (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.99) and local complications (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46–0.89). No significant risk reduction was observed for LoH (MD: −0.57 days, CI: −1.33–0.19), necrosis, pseudocyst and inflammatory parameters by LR compared to NS. LR reduces severity, mortality, need of intensive care and systemic and local complications in AP.

Background: Snus consumption is increasingly popular, mainly among the youth, due to the promotion of the tobacco industry and the lack of knowledge regarding its adverse effects. Even though some of its systemic complications are common knowledge, the oral consequences are rarely known. Aim: Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the oral health effects of snus consumption among a highly exposed group of adolescent athletes. Design: Participants received an interactive presentation, followed by interviews and dental screenings by young doctors to establish trust. They were categorized into groups based on the frequency of snus usage. The oral hygiene habits and status, snus consumption habits, and awareness about its adverse effects were evaluated. Results: Statistically significantly (p < 0.05), more regular snus users experience gum bleeding while tooth brushing than nonusers (60% and 37%, p = 0.004). Snus consumption and poor oral hygiene have a cumulative effect on oral health. Some young athletes experience ulcerous oral mucosal lesions coinciding with snus placement. Nonusers exhibit greater awareness of the adverse effects of snus than regular users (27% and 49%). Conclusions: Regular snus use negatively affects oral health, especially the gums. Early education is of the utmost importance in preventing snus usage by raising awareness.

Background: Snus consumption is increasingly popular, mainly among the youth, due to the promotion of the tobacco industry and the lack of knowledge regarding its adverse effects. Even though some of its systemic complications are common knowledge, the oral consequences are rarely known. Aim: Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the oral health effects of snus consumption among a highly exposed group of adolescent athletes. Design: Participants received an interactive presentation, followed by interviews and dental screenings by young doctors to establish trust. They were categorized into groups based on the frequency of snus usage. The oral hygiene habits and status, snus consumption habits and awareness about its adverse effects were evaluated. Results: Statistically significantly (p