Borophene, a two-dimensional (2D) allotrope of boron, has emerged as a highly promising material owing to its exceptional mechanical strength, electronic conductivity, and diverse structural phases. Unlike graphene and other 2D materials, borophene exhibits inherent anisotropy, flexibility, and metallicity, offering unique opportunities for advanced nanotechnological applications. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent progress in borophene synthesis methods, highlighting both bottom–up strategies such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and top–down approaches, including liquid-phase exfoliation and sonochemical techniques. A key challenge discussed is the stabilization of borophene’s polymorphs, as bulk boron’s non-layered structure complicates exfoliation. The influence of substrates and doping strategies on structural stability and phase control is also explored. Moreover, the intrinsic physicochemical properties of borophene, including its high flexibility, oxidation resistance, and anisotropic charge transport, were examined in relation to their implications for electronic, catalytic, and sensing devices. Particular attention was given to borophene’s performance in hydrogen storage and hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), where functionalization with alkali and transition metals significantly enhances H₂ adsorption energy and storage capacity. Studies demonstrate that certain borophene–metal composites, such as Ti- or Li-decorated borophene, can achieve hydrogen storage capacities exceeding 10 wt.%, surpassing the U.S. Department of Energy targets for hydrogen storage materials. Despite these promising characteristics, large-scale synthesis, long-term stability, and integration into practical systems remain open challenges. This review identifies current research gaps and proposes future directions to facilitate the development of borophene-based energy solutions. The findings support borophene’s strong potential as a next-generation material for clean energy applications, particularly in hydrogen production and storage systems.

In this research, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated with two kinds of nanostructures, (1) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and (2) zinc oxide–silver nano-heterostructures (ZnO/Ag-NHs), via an accessible chemical coprecipitation method assisted with ultrasonic radiation. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated the successful decoration of MWCNTs with the nanostructures with a diameter size of 11 nm ± 2 nm and 46 nm ± 5 nm for the AgNPs and the ZnO/Ag-NHs, respectively. The reactive species were promoted in an aqueous medium assisted with UV irradiation on the functionalized MWCNT. UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that production of the reactive species density increased 4.07 times, promoted by the single MWCNT after the functionalization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that Sp² hybridization in carbon atoms of MWCNTs participates in the binding of AgNPs and ZnO/Ag-NH decoration and thus participates in the formation of reactive species in an aqueous medium, as is the case for cancer cells.

In this study, a novel and rapid top-down synthesis method for the successful synthesis of few-layered 2D SiC is reported. Since the theoretical prediction of planar and stable 2D SiC with a direct bandgap, only a few experimental methods have overcome the challenging covalent sp³ hybridization of its bulk structure, unlike Van der Waals layered material bonding, making the synthesis of few-layered or mono-layered SiC more difficult due to the highly time- and energy-consuming methods. Moreover, correctly choosing between the more than 250 SiC polytypes increases the complexity of successful approaches to its 2D synthesis. This work reports, for the first time, multi-layered 2D SiC obtained using the wet ultrasonic probe sonochemical exfoliation method, reducing both the experimental synthesis time and energy consumption. Raman spectra showed the size-dependent correlation of the longitudinal optical (LO) mode, and IR showed the bond modification between bulk and nanostructured SiC. These results demonstrate a scalable and facile route for 2D SiC production; therefore, a wide variety of applications can be explored experimentally rather than theoretically, and methods such as the deposition of ScAlN layers onto SiN can be simplified in further studies.

The development of sustainable and low-cost materials for water treatment is a key priority in environmental research. In this study, membranes based on recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) functionalized with a zinc oxide and graphene oxide (ZnO/GO) nanocomposite were synthesized for the removal of methylene blue via adsorption. The membranes were fabricated using a phenol-based fusion-precipitation process, combining rPET, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and ZnO/GO. Characterization techniques including FTIR, XRD, EDS, and FESEM confirmed the effective incorporation of the nanocomposite into the polymer matrix, as evidenced by FTIR ($\text{Zn}-\mathrm{O}$ and $\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}$ bands) and EDS (Zn $=24.87 \text{wt} \%$), together with a morphological transition toward porous, sponge-like structures. Adsorption experiments showed that the functionalized membrane reached a cumulative removal efficiency of 93.70% after nine reuse cycles (15 mL at 10 ppm), with contact times of only 10 minutes per cycle. Although the nonfunctionalized membrane achieved a slightly higher total removal (98.84 %), it required a much longer contact time (120 min) and exhibited greater fouling. These results indicate that rPET/ZnO/GO membranes provide a faster, reusable, and more stable alternative for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment, aligning with circular economy and sustainable material development principles.