In the context of the increasing volume of industrial waste and stricter environmental requirements, the urgent task is to efficiently process them to produce products with high added value. In this work, the composition of industrial products of vanadium production formed during the hydrometallurgical processing of rare metals is investigated, and the possibility of their use for the production of heat-resistant building mixes is substantiated. A comprehensive analysis, including X-ray, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopic methods, revealed a high content of silica, aluminum oxides, and refractory minerals that determine the heat resistance of the material. Optimal compositions of building mixes based on Portland cement, liquid glass, and chamotte have been developed, providing compressive strength up to 45 MPa and resistance to thermal cycling at temperatures up to 1800 ° C. The design of a device for forming building blocks based on industrial waste from metallurgical production by vibration pressing is proposed, designed to ensure high density and geometric stability of products. The results obtained confirm the possibility of complex industrial waste disposal with the simultaneous creation of environmentally safe, durable, and heat-resistant building materials used in energy, metallurgy, the chemical industry, and civil engineering.

Currently, robots are widely used in orthopedics for surgical operations in the world. The use of robots in orthopedics has increased the accuracy of bone cutting and im-plant placement, which has improved the results of surgical operations. Most robots used in orthopedics have a serial or parallel structural scheme. However, serial robots have low load capacity and rigidity and insufficient accuracy. The disadvantages of the parallel structural scheme of the robot are a smaller workspace and the presence of singular configurations compared to serial ones. To eliminate the above disadvantages of surgical robots for knee joint operations and to create an inexpensive robot, a hybrid Cartesian robot for knee joint surgery has been developed. The hybrid Cartesian robot has the strengths of parallel and serial robots, potentially smoothing out the main dis-advantages of their designs. The forward and reverse kinematics of the proposed robot are analyzed. A 3D model of a hybrid Cartesian robot for knee joint surgery is devel-oped and its prototype is designed in a simplified form based on it. The simplified pro-totype of a hybrid Cartesian robot for knee joint surgery provides sufficient accuracy in resection of hard bone and has good prospects for practical use.

Background: The aim of this study lies in the development of a hybrid Cartesian robot for knee joint surgeries, to eliminate the shortcomings of existing surgical robots. Methods: To develop a hybrid Cartesian robot, we used a combination of a Cartesian manipulator and a serial manipulator, both with three degrees of freedom (DOF). Results: A 3D model of a hybrid Cartesian robot for knee joint surgery is developed, and a prototype is designed in a simplified form based on this model. The experimental tests of the 6DOF prototype of the hybrid Cartesian robot used for knee joint surgery confirmed its good performance when cutting hard cow bone. Conclusion: To eliminate the disadvantages in surgical robots used for knee joint operations, a hybrid Cartesian robot has been developed. The hybrid Cartesian robot has the strengths of parallel and serial robots, potentially eliminating the main disadvantage of their designs.