Purpose: To determine the 6-month effect of conventional (CXL30) and accelerated cross-linking with a UVA intensity of 9 mW/cm² (CXL10) on corneal stability and to investigate whether there was a difference in ABCD grading system parameters regarding the two different procedures. Methods: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with a documented keratoconus (KN) progression were included. Patients were selected to undergo either epi off CXL30 or CXL10. At the baseline and the follow-up visits after one (V1), three (V2), and six months (V3), the patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and corneal tomography. Results: In the CXL30 group, all the parameters from the ABCD grading system significantly changed from baseline to V3; parameter A decreased (p = 0.048), B and C increased (p = 0.010, p < 0.001), and D decreased (p < 0.001). In the CXL10 group, there were no changes in parameters A (p = 0.247) and B (p = 0.933), though parameter C increased (p = 0.001) and D decreased (p < 0.001). After an initial decline after one month, visual acuity (VA) recovered on V2 and V3 (p < 0.001), and median maximal keratometry (Kmax) decreased in both groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.035). In the CXL30 group, there were significant changes in other parameters; average pachymetric progression index (p < 0.001), Ambrósio relational thickness maximum (ARTmax) (p = 0.008), front and back mean keratometry (p < 0.001), pachymetry apex (PA) (p < 0.001), and front elevation (p = 0.042). However, in the CXL10 group, there were significant changes only in ARTmax (p = 0.019) and PA (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both epi-off CXL protocols showed similar short-term efficacy in improving VA and Kmax, halting the progression of KN, and both similarly changed tomographic parameters. However, the conventional protocol modified the cornea more significantly.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare changes in corneal densitometry after standard (30 min exposure time of 3 mW/cm² UVA) and accelerated (10 min exposure time of 9 mW/cm² UVA) protocols of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 38 eyes of 38 patients divided into two equal-sized subgroups. CXL was performed in one group according to the standard epithelium-off protocol (30 min, 3 mW/cm² UVA) and in the other group according to an accelerated epithelium-off protocol (10 min, 9 mW/cm² UVA). Scheimpflug imaging was used to evaluate corneal densitometry in the anterior, central, and posterior corneal layers in three concentric zones (0–2 mm, 2–6 mm, and 6–10 mm) at baseline and 1, 3, and 9 months after surgery. Results: This study included 38 patients divided into two subgroups of 19. One group of patients underwent standard and the other accelerated CXL protocol. Participants in the accelerated group were significantly older (p < 0.001). 9 months after CXL treatment, the accelerated group showed higher central and posterior corneal densitometry values, but, after adjusting for age and baseline values, ANCOVA analysis revealed no significant intergroup differences. Both protocols led to overall reductions in corneal densitometry over time. Conclusions: Both the standard and accelerated CXL protocols induce transient corneal haze, which can be objectified by increased corneal densitometry values in first three months post-CXL. The dynamics of the onset and recovery of postoperative corneal haze are comparable and similar in both protocols.

Background/Objectives: We aim to determine whether prior cataract surgery affects the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This prospective interventional cohort study initially included 92 patients with POAG who were inadequately controlled or intolerant to topical therapy and were treated with SLT. Of these, 84 patients completed all scheduled visits and constituted the final analyzed dataset. Patients were divided into phakic and pseudophakic groups, with cataract surgery performed at least one year before SLT in all pseudophakic eyes. All patients underwent standardized 360-degree SLT by a single specialist. The primary outcome was IOP reduction at one year. Secondary outcomes included percentage IOP reduction and treatment success, defined as ≥20% IOP reduction. Data were analyzed using Statistica^TM 14.0.1.25 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA, USA). Results: Before SLT, the median IOP was 20.5 mmHg in phakic eyes and 21 mmHg in pseudophakic eyes. One year after SLT, median IOP decreased insignificantly in phakic eyes (4.0 mmHg; p = 0.262), whereas it decreased significantly in pseudophakic eyes (5.5 mmHg; p = 0.004). At one year post-SLT, an IOP reduction of ≥20% was observed in 53.6% of phakic and 72.7% of pseudophakic eyes. Pseudophakic patients were significantly older than phakic patients, as expected, because age-related senile cataract is more common in older individuals, and the groups also differed by gender distribution. This gender imbalance was coincidental and reflected the non-randomized inclusion of POAG patients according to clinical need for SLT rather than predefined matching. In unadjusted analyses, one-year IOP reduction was positively associated with age (p = 0.048), pretreatment IOP (p < 0.001), and prior cataract surgery (p = 0.047). However, after adjusting for age, gender, and baseline IOP in a multivariate sensitivity analysis, prior cataract surgery was not an independent predictor of success; only pretreatment IOP predicted a significant reduction (p = 0.031) in the analysis of 84 eyes. Conclusion: Although pseudophakic eyes showed greater unadjusted IOP reduction after SLT over one year, lens status was not an independent predictor after adjustment for potential confounders. Therefore, the observed pseudophakic advantage should be interpreted as a hypothesis-generating association warranting further research into the effect of pseudophakia on SLT response.

Background: Although glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, no universally accepted screening guidelines for this condition have been developed. A nationwide glaucoma screening project was developed with the aim of raising awareness and assessing regional differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) and dry eye symptoms, as well as identifying potential risk factors among various Croatian regions. Methods: Over six months in 2023, 68 ophthalmologists conducted screening at 68 pharmacies across Croatia. IOP was measured using calibrated iCare IC200 tonometers, and dry eye symptoms were assessed using the Schein questionnaire. Results: A total of 7348 adults participated (median age: 63 years). IOP values and rates of newly detected elevated IOP varied by region. The highest maximum IOP was recorded in Continental Croatia (43.3 mmHg), followed by Zagreb. Newly discovered elevated IOP was most common in Slavonia (9.47%) and Continental Croatia (7.58%). Higher IOP was more frequently detected in younger participants and those with a family history of glaucoma. In coastal regions (Dalmatia, Istria, and Kvarner), elevated IOP showed a significant association with dry eye symptoms. Conclusions: This was the largest community-based glaucoma screening initiative in Croatia. The findings reveal notable regional differences in IOP and associated risk factors, underscoring the value of targeted community screening in raising awareness and identifying individuals at risk.

Background and Objectives: Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) halts keratoconus progression, yet potential differences between conventional and accelerated protocols at one year remain uncertain. We analyzed the completed 12-month follow-up of a previously reported 6-month cohort to compare conventional (3 mW/cm² × 30 min; CXL 30) versus accelerated (9 mW/cm² × 10 min; CXL 10) CXL, interpreting outcomes within the ABCD framework alongside Kmax and curvature radii. Materials and Methods: In this single-center retrospective longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected routine clinical data, 22 eyes were included, with assessments performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Evaluated outcomes comprised ABCD stages (A–D), anterior and posterior radius of curvature (ARC and PRC), Kmax, pachymetric and elevation indices, as well as UDVA and BCVA. Within-group change used Friedman with Wilcoxon post hoc; between-group differences used Mann–Whitney (α = 0.05). Results: Both protocols resulted in significant visual improvement and Kmax reduction at 12 months (overall time effect: CXL 30 p < 0.001; CXL 10 p = 0.026). Median Kmax decreased 56.5 → 52.3 D (CXL 30) and 59.3 → 58.3 D (CXL 10). UDVA improved 0.2 → 0.6 (CXL 30) and 0.2 → 0.3 (CXL 10); BCVA 0.4 → 0.8 (CXL 30) and 0.2 → 0.5 (CXL 10). Tomographic analysis showed predominantly anterior changes, with a significant decrease in A stage in the CXL 30 group and an increase in ARC in both groups, more pronounced in CXL 30. In the late 6 → 12-month window, posterior metrics (PRC and posterior elevation) were largely stable; raw PRC change did not reach significance. Conclusions: Conventional and accelerated CXL both stabilized keratoconus at one year with meaningful functional gains. Beyond 6 months, remodeling was predominantly anterior; within-group findings suggested a more pronounced anterior tomographic response in the CXL 30 group. The 12-month visit may be useful for reassessing stability after CXL, although this study was not designed to determine optimal retreatment timing or optical rehabilitation strategy. Longer-term studies with standardized biomechanical and densitometric endpoints are warranted to assess durability and refine protocol selection.