More than two hundred years ago, taurine was first isolated from materials derived from animals. It is abundantly found in a wide range of mammalian and non-mammalian tissues and diverse environments. Taurine was discovered to be a by-product of the metabolism of sulfur only a little over a century and a half ago. Recently, there has been a renewed academic interest in researching and exploring various uses of the amino acid taurine, and recent research has indicated that it may be useful in the treatment of a variety of disorders, including seizures, high blood pressure, cardiac infarction, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Taurine is currently authorised for the therapy of congestive heart failure in Japan, and it has shown promising results in the management of several other illnesses as well. Moreover, it was found to be effective in some clinical trials, and hence it was patented for the same. This review compiles the research data that supports the prospective usage of taurine as an antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diabetic, retinal protective, and membrane stabilizing agent, amongst other applications.

Background: Cancer is regarded as one of the main causes of death globally. Future predictions indicate that the death rate from cancer will keep rising, which may reach 11.4 million in 2030. Carcinogenesis refers to the phenomenon of transforming a normal cell into a cancer cell. Cancer is characterized by unregulated and uncontrolled cell division due to alterations at the molecular and genetic levels. Gene mutations can speed up the rate of cell division, which leads to cancer. Metastasis entails the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary site to distant regions of the body via the circulatory or lymphatic systems. Objective: This review is mainly focusing on the anticancer properties of terpenoids. In the case of human beings, several types of cancers can be treated clinically based on the form and phase of the cancer. So, there are different types of treatment regimens available for the management of cancer, such as immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Methods: Several problems are associated with cancer therapy, including chemoresistance, severe toxicity, relapse, and metastasis. To minimize these complications, natural products like terpenoids seem to be beneficial for the effective management of cancer. Results: Experimental results revealed that the anticancer potential of terpenoids is due to activation of apoptosis and stimulation of cell cycle arrest. Some of the terpenoids exhibit anticancer effects by inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis via the regulation of several signaling pathways intracellularly. Certain terpenoids have been shown to work in concert with anticancer medications (doxorubicin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil) to provide synergistic effects. These terpenoids have also been shown to be effective against cancer cells that are resistant to several drug therapies. Conclusion: The current study will focus on signaling pathways and mode of action of several types of terpenoids as anticancer agents. Further, it will provide insights into the ongoing clinical trials and prospective pathways for the advancement of terpenoids as possible anti-cancer agents.

Moringa oleifera (MO), which belongs to the family Moringaceae, is a significant medicinal plant that is also one of the species farmed in the greatest quantity worldwide. All its components, including its leaves, roots, seeds, flowers, bark, stems, and green pods, have a wide range of medicinal properties and are exceptionally high in nutritional content. Some of the important medicinal properties of the plant include anticancer, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative, cholesterol- lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, CNS depressant, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antibiotic, analgesic, antimalarial, antispasmodic, etc. Its nutritional value is attributed to the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, α-carotene, and various phenolic compounds. The purpose of this review is to present a synopsis of the ethnobotany, nutritive, and phytochemical profiles of various parts as well as the pharmacological properties of MO, with a particular emphasis on the several processes that are responsible for its multispectral activity. Additionally, it highlights studies on the safety profile, medication interactions, and relevant clinical trials. MO is used in pharmaceutics as an active extract in metallic nanoparticles and as an excipient in different pharmaceutical products. Other applications related to its water-purifying features, such as biodiesel, biogas, and biopesticide, are also discussed in the present article. Thus, the review provides necessary information proving that each part of MO has beneficial effects, and the plant can be studied extensively for many research aspects.

The triazole ring is a highly significant heterocycle that occurs naturally in many commodities and is a common feature in pharmaceuticals. Recently, heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have been getting a lot of attention in medicinal chemistry because they have a lot of pharmacological and biological potential. For example, a lot of drugs have nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. The triazole ring is often used as a bio-isostere of the oxadiazole nucleus. The oxygen atom in the oxadiazole nucleus is replaced by nitrogen in the triazole analogue. This article explores the pharmacological properties of the triazole moiety, including but not limited to antibacterial, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiviral, and other properties. Additionally, we discuss the diverse multi- target pharmacological activities exhibited by triazole-based compounds. Based on a literature review, it is evident that triazole-based chemicals hold significant potential for various applications.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune, inflammatory, and chronic condition, affects patients differently in terms of how severely it affects their joints. Risk factors include age, gender, genetics, and environmental exposure (tobacco usage, air pollution exposure, and occupational exposure). If Felty syndrome is not treated, it can progress and lead to a number of complications, such as rheumatoid vasculitis, persistent joint deterioration requiring arthroplasty, and Felty syndrome requiring splenectomy. Since there is no known cure for RA, the goals of treatment are to reduce discomfort and stop/slow further damage. Moringa oleifera Lam., popularly known as munga, is one of the most significant plants that is widely cultivated in India. Moringa oleifera Lam is a plant that is widely used as a dietary supplement. It possesses valuable pharmacological qualities, such as anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular, anti-ulcer, CNS activity, anti-allergic, wound healing, analgesic, and antipyretic action. In every area, this herb has excellent therapeutic qualities. It is a good source of vitamin A, vitamin C, and milk protein. The numerous active phytoconstituents present include alkaloids, proteins, quinine, saponins, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, fixed oil, and lipids, to name just a few. Aim and Objective: The current study's objective was to assess the anti-arthritic efficacy of M. oleifera leaves. Method: In -silico molecular modelling studies for assessment of anti-arthritic potential of M. oleifera leaf was designed taking quercetin and niazirinin as lead molecule found in the ethanolic leaf extract (as per literature survey) against GLS-1 protein. A grid-based docking strategy was used to determine the binding using the Auto Dock software. Result: The finding of molecular modelling of lead molecule with GLS-1 protein showed that both the selected molecules have good affinity towards GLS-1 protein. The binding energy of quercetin and niazirinin against GLS-1 protein was found to be -4.8 & -5.94 Kcalmol-1 respectively.

In the past few years, scientists have learned more about how the human body uses D-amino acids and how their synthesis occurs. This has rekindled interest in researching them. D-amino acids are known to be important in an extensive variety of physiologic operations taking place inside the human body. The correlation between these radicals and the physiology of human beings is that D-aspartate and D-serine affect nerve signalling. Along with these, several other D-amino acids have also been linked to adjusting acquired immunity and the outcome of the gut barrier. Importantly, several conditions, including psychosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as age-related conditions, including cataracts and atherosclerosis, have been linked to the existence of D-amino acids within the human body. Also, there is more and more evidence that radicals interpret a role in the cause, progression, and treatment of cancer. This article will review the many approaches to synthesizing D-amino acids and their impact on the environment, animals, and the human body. In addition, scientific information addressing the methods of cytostatic action of D-amino acids as well as their prospective applications in industry and medicine, is included in this article.