Sugar–acetic acid–ethanol–water mixture (SAEWM) trapping has initially shown the potential efficacy for monitoring or trapping insects. It is unknown how SAEWM-baited traps affect field number of oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the female/male ratio trapped, and the type of natural-enemy insects captured. This study investigated changes in seasonal population dynamics and diurnal flight rhythm of OFM, the number and female/male ratio of OFM and the numbers of Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae trapped by SAEWM in peach–apple mixed-planting orchards. The SAEWM performed well in trapping OFM, most of which were adult females, with the maximum trapping at 2.5 m above ground. The daily trapping peak occurred between 18:00 and 20:00, during each continuous monitoring period, with another peak occurring at 4:00–8:00, after the second monitoring period (2–5 July). However, the use of SAEWM also resulted in the trapping of Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae, of which peak trapping time partially overlapped with the second and third peak trapping times of OFM. We suggest the cessation of SAEWM trapping during the peak activity time of Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae, or application of alternative attractive mixture that do not trap the natural enemy insects, in order to protect the ecological balance in the field.

Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a major viticultural pest whose larval feeding damages grapevine canes and reduces yields, yet its internal development and damage progression are poorly understood. Using field surveys combined with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and in situ X-ray microscopy, we non-destructively tracked both tissue damage and life-cycle dynamics within canes. Damage intensity increased from December to May, with affected canes showing reduced porosity compared to healthy ones. Continuous imaging revealed a distinct prepupal stage and extended adult residence in pupal chambers before emergence. Morphometric analysis showed that adult size is constrained by pupal chamber dimensions, indicating adaptive adjustment to limited intra-cane space. These findings demonstrate the value of advanced imaging tools for clarifying the biology of X. pyrrhoderus and support the development of targeted management strategies for this and related agricultural pests.